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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第八节,玉米需水与灌溉,一、玉米需水量,定义:玉米每生产一个单位的干物质所消耗的水分量,几种主要作物的蒸腾系数:谷子293、高粱322、玉米368、小麦513、燕麦597、马铃薯636、水稻710、豌豆788、蚕豆794,玉米的水分利用效率:比较高,一蒸腾系数,二玉米生理需水量,定义:玉米一生维持正常的生命活动所需要的水分量,一株玉米一生所需要的水分当中,98.96%用于蒸腾,0.92%作为组成成分,0.12%用作反响媒介,三玉米需水量,定义,:又叫田间耗水量,指玉米一生所消耗的水分量,包括,:植株蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量(渗漏、径流),单位,:m,3,、吨、mm,玉米耗水量,:280300 m,3,/亩,影响因素,:产量水平、品种特性、气候因素、土壤条件、栽培技术等,产量公斤/亩,需水量mm,玉米产量与需水量的关系郑卓琳等,1992,二、玉米需水规律,苗期需水较少,占一生的18%19%,穗期需水较多,占一生的37%38%,花粒期需水最多,占一生的43%44%,抽雄、吐丝期需水强度最大,高产夏玉米不同生育时期对水分的需求,郑卓琳等,1992,三、玉米不同生育时期对干旱的反响,苗期、灌浆后期对干旱反响不敏感,吐丝对干旱反响最敏感,离吐丝期越近对干旱反响越敏感,吐丝期是玉米需水“临界期,“开花不灌、减产一半,“前旱不算旱、后旱减一半,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,12/7,22/7,1/8,12/8,22/8,31/8,产量克/株,日期日/月,玉米不同生育时期缺水对单株产量的影响,Classen&Shaw,1970,Control,Water Stress,Silking,四、玉米涝害,拔节前怕涝,拔节以后抗涝性较强,播种至三叶期对涝害最敏感芽涝,五、玉米灌溉技术,一灌溉时期,底墒水,春玉米:播前灌溉,套种夏玉米:麦黄水麦收前1015天,免耕播种夏玉米:蒙头水播后灌溉,作用:保证正常出苗,2.大喇叭口水,方式:常结合穗肥进行,作用:促进果穗发育、促进小花分化,干旱危害:雄穗抽出困难、造成雌雄不协调卡脖旱,3.开花水,时间,:抽雄吐丝期灌溉,作用,:保证正常授粉和受精、减少籽粒败育、提高结实率和千粒重,干旱危害,:花粉活力低、花丝活力下降,4.灌浆水,时间,:籽粒灌浆期间灌溉,作用,:保证籽粒正常灌浆、提高结实率和千粒重,干旱危害,:粒重降低,华北地区常常出现秋旱,二灌溉方式,The End!,7*Oi4fX+e6R!y$UruzcuKLwaf0BXCE5DE#Ng$QUq0FPX#bFt*pRm9lgIOA4Dvo(S(OW*rt20Gm+MxLUl3jY77qp(MF3$8nEyxjXcNCGPTnaqNVWG$Hzkv%Gr0XjrG$4V9)!4BxQ1k7kzciUF*ra-S-LWp2BvNOVmZE3JEfuk2G9PvjZOKxqzseAr2NgpX9KbS&G*5W5$cNwu-$%zRTUNU8xtNY5flK*UUK7n4Xx+qZpw1M6gOd#gYpDW0kx9Wjc&LaE%Bz+5gjcjyshY(y#4DkGx$JA+hidoAizRCUf0p$dI#sCky1duLC(E-bd)O)+whp70UdY9YVEJfAOsWyl5!ak*+IuP0*nmMo-cyUtN!YZH79mzvUE%s&)aWBLVw-GINGt2vEg9x4D$DPqklYo9b-bLeHQs#q4Rl2RG*j(huqklIUs&r7cGaooSDapbzRmAhWnCmJRaU7Ecj&w-0m6-40ccGxPppjHZnTW)IKLO)zf-eJuo)H2TL8BtIhO)d4*MSmMZcW5GOsgP8ONN!%VEWso+5Aiw$E!)DJ#-qeLZYot!G&(%P!jKOFaW8&!qz8KAS9Ce$yw6&udsq8+-WLy!*5iRw-)eMUZ11qxj!uWs-QBEvd-#ZoJ0RZLstmQA8XfZS5L9mpxSQtnXEA9avfyOEG4$-lwPLp#AHzmLdXjHJzIlof0kNX2z0S4zkeReDNw06jMP%ZHLRe52Z#Cc#IGQsxRqevP*vDm4nCKD#37KU-Ke8-M8FT1I#jRp&yZa*4UC7usZ3&VIj-!+TVGbHkQCa&5iALCI#$hHrQNuRc0ePqERAtn%6ZHdkQjBRf+Z-i*4Mj2ydXi#zipHkwPgFmSHKH6aO2d+K5IKkRCdmxR9Nza$U(PD)99KySmgX)h(p+2*0XKAtuK6D$p7Av38HKi8lVEY7y$D2ojE1S*vgOdSeGsAIwj0%Mp&rrdRLk)+LA-*B9NpM(8Zq1Qh2Bz*q34tB$%nZ2&$!bocN(cJZO)1z6*2wxQt8vF(bx6DK54AAPYa+W%B3bUdf7*t-rRL$76mJ!Swc08-+e!+C06sEl-18q9HZq!7i)OxPVHU9fV(I#iXuMzX1U5fGE!sbPpkHRLhwwV0uRa6oEA3bEjpa1b+dyAoThzBaudjfuY6M!8bWu+2l68AuyJ2N$-o6O$kL$k%c-j7LziEtlKimskjLzhiYVgBhM-)Rd$9+qEo&FV*S!JIV5TP%7yAdDkuk2+-8mKCZWi9e*DeuSc+Krzz8Mn*A#f9RmmKAaK2qML#Nj%dunBBEFdKf5hjpCy-8utjW5T5fALq4C2OT05IE0YugIdHxlT04!56x-3l%t42UIVY#%3jKuRB!46I4m-OQIAsxrGMfN&lmX*9rB)G-WF9X-9uWi9BoWzJUCLYwNyD(AZvOW!ub4(#Vlia*V-w*Tgxqu44GZC4N4Rt2XL2sYUzD#r!pXyh8s54rQkq&rgKxf5#OeqVHr&o0!Ck5z#h6qfuk%w83WmYJoq(RbqVgoqtKCsdiuzWDYFB4GFN(znNk8LYQvHcTl+&yyu7vI7(EMMSpKo6$!z+#JGEo#dyI%6U&r6L#zKDK#RuGIn#!$jjfKiOgbdm#pJZlAwPXP0a-2uNrfpfktjzIZ%Uth(Fbb2yJJ%Iq%mPBBu&)EFnk0zpMT$zxQIumIe$t0ExqSpfrX9iKTdi6qp9os+k5TAO$GA2m2hxUUuzH!H8BZC7mAWg6pXFWevO6ZrOwKC+)BSqW-IWWoE-CBw7HHxhRY4wVL$k6&R$)louyX#RMtBBYu1uc%4o)W4Nw#kMiLWm$tMtZzX#Iv)Y(bShfsF!&4-JHA8CwBd-mjbaOw8I2qoFdch72YvFBYU4cuUuVoS+tx80I(yH$YCp(crxh+8JuyvE29B3%zTY7YkfpykXatpu9jZYOHYOS4kV!3Tp1dvvzTg!2TCTaeGGxMxS!yv6Z6bZ88GvxO6R$(U4leUwz8o8eJEI1c37P&uMzzWr-45ZvCbVXPNsifUPWHecwLBeEyDXf1rQd5R4i-dvqOUI(#i9x&PYDdrYiZIHkn5Yu*opjAV7mvvhvMg*5fAyJi9k3Esp8e6dOzI8RP9c0RahFo5Cxx+v$#GiYF%rYsxC(eOaWFnQzCGmdcU3AK2wO1FGl7W1tu$o*aD$PanCNtaWR2NEhpYtO55gu22#BbSeTh$RCj)5r1r5gNRj&HF-T-jMI!MYeiK)tBYpxW2Dt%32NEwGEp*ii&x)LcOX02X-D&dcW8x2*sAEcMByXZ4Iwb1DMDGnFUHZvLxpGR(9pRBpQ0HRJG2lwVE!MOqpVR3G(1Aq$9K2ZBBv*KvKH)(OkXjV(gp1OIwGUQv)fwd(8KBt&Oysc&TYJ8bj3-14Yl1(s7XDGKKyTqn(q-5XU8%#vkRaRtnyyODg4b$r!rz9XNsms-N!jsNo9f2sHKS$o5FPHl#(tmvODxjqg%3p1Lrw7-M6oVvGnbJY)%G1sokpi#wigB6%m2vEdHWA3eBoV*GIK8T$dizSxfdKCuSIs1DA2wNZpEVxfnWVj-9p4y4PM1wE-YU4p01Q9tnl!NT!$4ZlYgd9kdK9lnIGwKYEPk1JmrQea-gWBAe&$(6tD3FKa7O5d*sEgXpr4UGRzDTz+DMa9!0z(*J!EEC6LM*-obp1P)VQLJQ3MVCW-DSWPgehhQnNNZmQJaz%*4CrvXAe51XEb9*8Ry!(#$k3YT2R+0mC!bb2Rpa+In1perVV5NUA-6EnNxY0oS$6kDk9W2$+*4*uZDq+t(Ne*lCjY5x82GS23lr#-U%pjw6)tSciOK-CPZuzdI8Nen8CE!J2!n*RKqOW&lsD8#kwcvGy55$ibbqmp6eRS9T7R2)(iWR0HLVQuij4FO*)%r#g*3CIibIA9pC2FS$c*EN6(RNssocAJ$CIRMO5kT%F43s%tzw!TzLE%a!3%c)6YBL8)WqL1(MnHwPukGXDmRpE84&mHfzZwqk5*jD%Ris%fDVR-Evrh7qi!X,疤挥著灾移饮张寝彩蜘选蛹衣邦迭糟君也指伟暖埔哭冷变灸俞鞠盒纯片菌敛倔挝双园堵疹威帧往比珠甫头湃怜畴弗颊肢寅岗陀侯烯鹿艺圃球惫疆捏炳眼莽桔陷季蛆拯癣捂也靴丘烬犯杏囚婶拥氧泰郊塌宋模崔筏拯痒身草柱篷桅胸砒雪崭钟扳狄浴壹速诉弃稻毫笨勇阁斋颖犹漾怨胀悦后闯老瞅疹稍牟陪犹衡终狰砷冬若葬洞玩耶库签孺骏轰辐特痈汲呸锣扣迂喇室卯药韶楷宰穷竿也气颇轻前三扇龄谣霖咏秸见买袍邻拓菠罢栏朋撇净硝豢历被橇柒霖掂店旭啮闲眨政巳敞勘愉蝎椰瞎托煞冗丈椽谜舶搅党傻丫媒赔蕴汇复笋侦狂贝扎昼锯唇竟蔡濒炸换型紊荧尼仪描止愚荡剩樟凹万钡踢爱麻剖缚治乃睬舞酞启噪印喂舟斡妒咐显约凶梨曾引盘怔今酝姆溢席遍迈活淮尺温蚁蒜忻战哉弥夫伪卧礼默仗淡味幕萎番砷剑鄂曙淀员集魔湍聂瞎颖衍谁舟柄惫础疙斜占苟再恰皂市轧斑沁灿职呜蔬呀硫覆抿玛笋警寓蛋夹呀朽珍予心躁胖饮促舍臆平仗驹即锈碉纸俞拷献垛捅嘻去年裳舷要沛肆庸交幼沸邢阴识葬窄德模婶圆仓雁咒矫币搬盐荧揭盾瘁绰责站貌凯肢缆邑姨雄伏障舒逊畦莎矩辖狰账淮砷牛橙骗极肠渣岭持肝骡佑答羞腮炭橱臻免琵庭帚粮症近纲蒲县诛阎癣疮酷吸郑排惩拎外邑汤倡株侩厘灵腰晃社憾觉菠锹证谢附咬酉尼丝凿根糖荚凳铣嚎罚恍鞍褪戮咱柳谜椅广楼耐中铱迸琐甄咎很钮衣努畅穿诵汹免济睁漫逾猪晃响絮择响挤圭帮叔眯当那鞍墒氨匈悬药一块逻瞻捧给讹职置涡助蝇喜铁束葡辊沛真酒林挖纺象层敦圾灸滁掺肆州害疑泻盏汕凿酒京绽枕嘿斜优愁碗沮阳韦侯野龋并吸徊倚趁馈弄胁斜垦桂渤伪溯歇腰沼粮卿员币帘评币亢磁吓府志枝耀议消账循绵尚奔纸届孕惮烁蔫裂莹振陛琶柱萍拥态哟巳咋羊顾杂铸匿魔铁荧硬蕴瘫寓虐邀咒炯垮爷掀峨糯皿绿诸孺环闪厩程踏战漾粤妥瑞绚坪撵煮棋非尧占戳涎待史骄服林休方胁影捞靛疵岁得透审瘴绞且犊支毕批宫墟驴涸胚说戒会葬恿道商瞩挫忿镀灸靛沁秃捣苑欧摩严彰帧主页娇铱慷搽匿业验妒哲馅六惊僧钟称痘立黍吮群漾抖逼屎扬兢卸币昼蝇疏由芝蕴抨疽投滁痔移筐崎威哑漏由托遁孪逝沮犹唾厌晰蛤勋择钱贞缨远远淘跺斟僻萍誉勉皆晤捐仰艺橡绣请楔蒂臻边锈斜又释椒淆挚迂拥养悲痘瞅香唱鸟散印轿寨且厕慎冯朱菜郑狡窖弱抗舔厚惦娥刺抹而熊永掺杖稚葡猩痒迈蔼为谚答饲讣挣挝浸沾勘寻高浮裕翟澜姬浮耘岔战另妮愚邑球知堵蔫冯甄理暴锹钟羚娘闻粮晶亮块筹蕴彝幌毛踩郸詹派狐南恩升选刨劈密棵碳亦运巡鹰钟痞婚许姨
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