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,Click to edit Master text,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,.,*,COMPANY LOGO,Click to edit Master title,Company,LOGO,Click to edit Master title,Click to edit Master text,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,神经外科,(Neurosurgery),神经外科(Neurosurgery),Chapter 1,(,Introduction,),神经外科简介,Chapter 1(Introduction,.,神经外科简介,(,Introduction,),1,、神经外科历史(,history,),2,、神经外科范畴(,scopes,),3,、神经外科分支(,divisions,),4,、神经外科特殊检查(,special procedures,),3,.神经外科简介(Introduction)1、神经外科历史(,.,History review,在中世纪的西欧,流行的观点认为人之所以生病,主要是因为体内各元素不平衡,只要引出多余的元素,就会恢复健康。欧洲人普遍认为“放血是康复之始”,因为血液被他们认为是最容易引出的一种“元素”。但遇到有人需要放血时,医师却不肯动手,他们认为这是下等人做的事。怎么办呢?,后来他们就委托理发师来做,于是理发师就成了业余外科医师。1540年,英格兰国王批准了理发师拥有外科医师行医资格。因为红色代表动脉,蓝色代表静脉,白色代表纱布,所以理发师选用这三种颜色的柱子作为他们行医的标志,并挂在理发店门前。1745年,英王乔治二世敕令成立皇家外科医学会,外科医师从此与理发师分家,但理发店门前的三色柱却一直沿用下来。,?,?,?,4,.History review在中世纪的西欧,流行的观点认为,.,1,萌芽期(,19th century ago,),5,.1 萌芽期(19th century ago)5,.,2,探索期,(,8th decade of 19th century-2nd decade of 20th century,),Bergmann,Broca,6,.2 探索期(8th decade of 19th,.,Edewen,Horsley,7,.EdewenHorsley7,.,3,建立期,(,2nd decade of 20th century-7th decade of 20th century,),Harvey Cushing,The“father”of modern neurosurgery,Founded in USA in 1920,8,.3 建立期(2nd decade of 20th ce,.,Ventriculography,invented in 1917.,Dandy,9,.Ventriculography,invented in,.,Cerebral angiography,was invented by Moniz,a Portugal doctor,in 1927.,10,.Cerebral angiography was inve,.,3D-DSA,11,.3D-DSA11,.,4,发展期,(,7th decade of 20th century-now,),Housfield and the first CT scanner,12,.4 发展期(7th decade of 20th ce,.,13,.13,.,Yasargil,the pioneer of microneurosurgery.,14,.Yasargil,the pioneer of micr,.,Penfield and his brain functional map.,15,.Penfield and his brain functi,.,Damadian and the first NMR,16,.Damadian and the first NMR16,.,17,.17,.,Morden neuroimage navigation system,现代神经导航系统,18,.Morden neuroimage navigation,.,Lekcell and Gama knife,19,.Lekcell and Gama knife19,.,Albert Rothon,Cranial microanatomy and surgical approaches.,20,.Albert Rothon 20,.,神经系统外伤(,Trauma,),21,.神经系统外伤(Trauma)21,神经系统外伤(,Trauma,),22,.,神经系统外伤(Trauma)22.,神经系统外伤(,Trauma,),23,.,神经系统外伤(Trauma)23.,神经系统外伤(,Trauma,),24,.,神经系统外伤(Trauma)24.,神经系统外伤(,Trauma,)术中所见,25,.,神经系统外伤(Trauma)术中所见25.,.,神经系统肿瘤(,Tumors,),26,.神经系统肿瘤(Tumors)26,肿瘤术中所见,27,.,肿瘤术中所见27.,.,神经系统血管性疾病(,vascular diseases,),28,.神经系统血管性疾病(vascular diseases)2,神经系统血管性疾病(,vascular diseases,),29,.,神经系统血管性疾病(vascular diseases)29,神经系统血管性疾病(,vascular diseases,),30,.,神经系统血管性疾病(vascular diseases)30,神经系统血管性疾病(,vascular diseases,),31,.,神经系统血管性疾病(vascular diseases)31,神经系统血管性疾病(,vascular diseases,),32,.,神经系统血管性疾病(vascular diseases)32,后颅窝,33,.,后颅窝33.,34,.,34.,.,神经系统感染性疾病(,Infectious diseases,),35,.神经系统感染性疾病(Infectious diseases,功能区病变切除定位,36,.,功能区病变切除定位36.,V-P,分流,37,.,V-P分流37.,.,神经系统先天畸形(,Congenital malformations,),38,.神经系统先天畸形(Congenital malforma,.,神经系统功能性疾病(,Functional diseases,),39,.神经系统功能性疾病(Functional diseases,.,Divisions of Neurosurgery,40,.Divisions of Neurosurgery40,.,普通神经外科(,General neurosurgery,),41,.普通神经外科(General neurosurgery),.,显微神经外科(,Micro-neurosurgery,),42,.显微神经外科(Micro-neurosurgery)42,.,血管内神经外科(,Endovascular neurosurgery,),43,.血管内神经外科(Endovascular neuros,.,立体定向神经外科(,Stereostactic neurosurgery,),44,.立体定向神经外科(Stereostactic neuro,3D,打印实现立体定向,45,.,3D打印实现立体定向45.,.,内窥镜神经外科(,Endoscopic neurosurgery,),Operative video,46,.内窥镜神经外科(Endoscopic neurosurg,.,神经系统体检(,Neurological examination,),1,、神经系统体检是一项最基本的检查手段。,2,、神经系统体检必须实事求是,不能主观推断。,3,、神经系统体检必须和临床其他资料相结合。,47,.神经系统体检(Neurological examinat,.,腰椎穿刺(,Lumbar puncture,),1,、腰椎穿刺简便易行,不需太大的代价。,2,、腰椎穿刺不仅有协助诊断的作用,还有协助,治疗的作用。,3,、腰椎穿刺最常用于蛛网膜下腔的出血性疾病,和感染性疾病。,4,、神经外科最常用于颅内压的测定。,5,、有明确的颅内压增高时禁忌腰椎穿刺,因为,可诱发脑疝的形成。,48,.腰椎穿刺(Lumbar puncture)1、腰椎穿刺简,
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