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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词的分类,可数名词变复数注意事项,不可数名词,名词的格,名词的分类可数名词变复数注意事项不可数名词名词的格,1,名词的分类,可数名词,不可数名词,集体名词,个体名词,物质名词,抽象名词,普通名词,专有名词,teacher,bus,.,people,crew,.,rice,air,water,knowledge,friendship,名词,China,Bill Gates,the Great Wall,名词的分类 可数名词 不可数名词集体,2,Proper Nouns:,指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称,Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;New Years Day,注意：,专有名词的第一个字母要大写,Proper Nouns:Eg:Diana;Beijing,3,Common Nouns,：,专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词,1,。,Individual Nouns:,指作为个体而存在的人或东西。,可以指具体的人或物。,Eg:aunts;a panda;apartments,也可指抽象东西。,Eg:a year;fairy tales;a dream,Common Nouns：1。Individual Nou,4,2.,Collective Nouns:,表示由个体组成的集体。,Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public,集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。,Eg:His family isnt large,.,Cf:His family are all music lovers.,在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。,Eg:The audience was(were)excited by the show.,2.Collective Nouns:表示由个体组成的,5,有少数集体名词通常用作单数。,Eg:The gang is being hunted by the police.,Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.,个别集体名词则多作复数看待。,Eg:The police are looking for him.,有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg:The gang is,6,3.,Material Nouns,:,指无法分为个体的东西。,Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent(,清洁剂,);fur;ice;paint;paper;soil,一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：,1),有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”,Eg:Two strong black coffees,please.,(,两份）,Three beers,please.,(,三杯）,It was a special tea.,(,一种）,2),个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。,Eg:rains,（雨季）,snows(,积雪）,waters(,海域,),3.Material Nouns:指无法分为个体的东西。,7,4.,Abstract Nouns,:,表示一些抽象的概念。,Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.,多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。,Eg:Hes learning French for,fun.,I wish you good,luck,.,有时也可以加冠词。,He works hard for,the welfare,of the poor.,After,a,brief,peace,war broke out again.,4.Abstract Nouns:表示一些抽象的概念。Eg,8,有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。,glass(,玻璃,),copper(,铜,),tin(,锡,),paper(,纸,),iron(,铁,),wood(,木头,),gold(,金子,),youth(,青春,),power(,力量,),beauty(,美,),pleasure(,愉快,),relation(,关系）,a glass(,玻璃杯,),a copper(,铜币板,),a tin(,罐头，听头,),a paper(,报纸，证件，论文,),an iron(,熨斗,),a wood(,树林,),a gold(,金牌,),a youth(,年青人,),a power(,大国,),a beauty(,美人，美的东西,),a pleasure(,使人感到愉快的事,),a relation(,亲戚）,有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass(玻璃,9,英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。,a poem(,一首诗,),a machine(,一台机器,),a job(,一件工作,),a laugh(,一个笑声,),a permit(,许可证,),a garment(,一件衣裳,),a bag(case)(,一件行李,),a loaf(,一只面包,),a hair(,一根头发,),poetry(,诗歌总称,),machinery(,机器总称,),work(,工作,),laughter(,笑声,),permission(,允许,),clothing(,衣裳总称,),luggage,baggage(,行李,),bread(,面包,),hair(,头发,),英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。a poem(一首,10,可数名词变复数的规则变化,一般在词尾加-,s,以-,s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾的加-,es,以辅音字母加,y,结尾时，把,y,变成,i，,再加-,es,以,f,或,fe,结尾时，把,f,fe,改为,v,再加,es,可数名词变复数的规则变化一般在词尾加-s,11,变复数的几点注意项,以-,o,结尾的名词加,es,在课本中出现的有,Negro,hero,potato,tomato,；其余以-,o,结尾的词加-,s:(,photo,piano,radio,bamboo,zoo,),有些以-,f,或,fe,结尾的词直接加-,s(,chief,cliff,belief,safe,gulf,roof,),以元音字母+,y,结尾的或专有名词以,y,结尾的直接加-,s toys,Germanys,Henrys,在大写字母及大写字母的缩写形式的复数中，加-,s,如：,three UFOs,但,A、I,的复数应在其后加,s，,如：,There are two As in this word.,小写字母及数字的复数形式应加,s,如：,two 6s three as,stomach-stomachs,变复数的几点注意项以-o 结尾的名词加es在课本中出现的有N,12,不规则变化,变内部元音,。,如：,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,词尾加-,en,或,ren。,如：,ox-oxen,child-children,单复数相同,。,如：,sheep,deer,aircraft,fish,steelworks,means,Chinese,Swiss,Japanese,.,汉语音译词无复数形式,。,（表示度量衡，币制等单位的名词）如:,five,yuan,six,jin,two,jiao,不规则变化变内部元音。如：foot-feet,tooth-,13,“某国人”,的复数形式：,单、复数相同,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,词尾加-,s,Africans,Asians,Canadians,Australians,Italians,变,man,为,men,Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,但,：,German-Germans,“某国人”的复数形式：,14,复合名词的复数,一般将主体名词变为复数。,father-in-law fathers-in-law,passer-bypassers-by,looker-onlookers-on,editor-in-chief editors-in-chief,无主体名词的在词尾加复数。,如：,grown-ups,good-for-nothings（,无用的人），,go-betweens（,中间人），,look-outs（,守望者）,由,man,woman,构成的复合名词应将前后两个词都变成复数。,men-doctors,women-drivers,women-singers,boyfriends,girlfriends,boy students,girl students,复合名词的复数一般将主体名词变为复数。father-in-l,15,常作复数的或复数形式表特别意义的名词：,glasses,trousers,gloves,shoes,scissors,socks,handcuffs(,手铐,),jeans(,牛仔裤),earnings,(,薪水),savings（,储蓄,),findings（,调查结果,),clothes,surroundings（,环境),greetings,（,致敬,),goods,ruins,twins,resources,woods,forces(,军队),arms(,军火)，,plastics,（,塑料制品）,manners(,礼貌),greens(,青菜),times(,时代),sands(,沙滩),works(,工厂,作品）,contents(,内容),thanks,congratulations,tears,ashes,.,常作复数的或复数形式表特别意义的名词：,16,一些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同的类别。,foods,(,各种食物),metals,(,各种金属),fruits,(,各种水果),fertilizers,(,各种化肥),silks,(,各种丝绸),teas,(,各种茶),一些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同的类别。,17,在短语中用复数形式的名词。,如：,do exercises,take turns,take notes,make repairs,in high spirits,as follows,hurt ones feelings,in rags,in dozens,，,make friends with,shake hands with,在有些短语中，名词用单复数均可。,如：,make faces/a face,play jokes/a joke on sb.,have talkes/a talk with,在有的短语中名词用单复数，意思有差别。,如：,have a word with sb.（,同某人说句话），,have words with sb.（,同某人吵架）,在短语中用复数形式的名词。如：do exercises,t,18,不可数名词的量的表达-,“a(,数词)+单位词+,of”,表个数,：,piece(,张，片，块，份),article(,件),item(,条）,block(,大块),set(,台，套）,sheet(,张，块)如：,some articles of furniture,four items of news,以形状表个数：,cake(,块),bar(,条),ear(,穗),grain(,粒),sheaf(,捆),slice(,薄片),pile(,堆),loaf(,块)
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