普华的customer focused inventory management

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Customer Focused Inventory Management(CFIM)Programs,Table of Contents,Semiconductor,Industry,Characteristics and High Tech Industry Dynamics,Questions surrounding,CFIM,What,How,When and with Whom,Impact,on,Operating Model,Maximizing Benefits,from a CFIM program,Case Studies-Summary,Key,Learnings,Recommendations,Back Up,2,Table of Contents,Semiconductor,Industry,Characteristics and High Tech Industry Dynamics,Questions surrounding,CFIM,What,How,When and with Whom,Impact,on,Operating Model,Maximizing Benefits,from a CFIM program,Case Studies-Summary,Key,Learnings,Recommendations,Back Up,3,Semiconductor Industry Characteristics,The semiconductor industry is inherently challenging,defined by:,A complex,multi-node value web that includes multiple entities and trading partners,driving the need for extraordinary communication between vendors and customers to manage the demand signal,A significant mismatch between manufacturing lead time(48 days)and order fulfillment cycle times,(15 days,)that drives forecast-based production,The uncertainty of such forecasts invariably leads to excess inventory,An environment in which a majority of the inventory resides post,fab,In wafer banks pre and post test,and in die banks pre and post package,and in some cases as finished goods,As a result,small changes in demand will cause large perturbations in supply resulting in significant inventory management challenges,4,Impact to Strategic Operating Model:Push to Pull,Total available product to meet customer demand is equal to the finished goods inventory plus the product which can be produced and delivered within the customers cycle time,H,L,T,1,T,2,Time,Demand Volatility,H,L,T,1,T,2,Time,Inventory,Manufacturing Output,FG Inv,FG Inv,FG Inv,FG Inv,FG Inv,FG Inv,FG Inv,FG Inv,FG Inv,Fill Demand from Inventory,Fill Demand from Inventory and Manufacturing,Use Finished Goods Inventory for Capacity Limitations and Demand Volatility,PUSH Into FG,PULL from Mfg,Migration,H,L,Total Available Product,Manufacture to,Forecast,Manufacture to,FG Replenishment,Manufacture to,Demand,Migration from a“Push”system to a“Pull”system is achieved when product is produced based on demand and replenishment needs,and less on forecast,5,买卖双方力量制衡对存货管理的影响,买方占主导地位,相互依赖,卖方占主导地位,相互独立,战略采购,电子化采购,以买方为中心的外部网络,业务合作,战略采购,电子交易市场,战略采购,以卖方为中心的外部网络，包括设计、客户自服务、网上下单等,电子化采购,外包,反向拍卖,低,低,高,高,买方资源相对于卖方而言的效用性与重要性,卖方资源相对于买方而言的效用性与重要性,买卖双方的力量对比决定了采购策略及相应的存货管理策略,6,存货管理策略的演变,研究表明存货策略正由独立存货管理转变为合作式存货管理,独立性,持久性,合作管理,卖方管理存货,共同管理存货,采购订单,关系比例,合作,强制性,开放式采购,传统供货方式,绩效合同,专业化合作关系,战略伙伴关系,2001,2005,7,How Bad is the Problem?,In Q42000,when excess inventory reached a peak,most of the excess inventory was with semiconductor suppliers and EMS providers.The OEMs and EMS providers have been trying to offload more inventory to the suppliers.,Source:,iSuppli,Corporation,8,Table of Contents,Semiconductor,Industry,Characteristics and High Tech Industry Dynamics,Questions surrounding,CFIM,What,How,When and with Whom,Impact,on,Operating Model,Maximizing Benefits,from a CFIM program,Case Studies-Summary,Key,Learnings,Recommendations,Back Up,9,以客户为中心的存货管理,(CFIM),项目的一般形式,卖方管理存货,(VMI),:,这是一种优化供应链绩效的方法：供应商可以了解到客户的存货数据并负责维护客户所需的存货数量。,VMI,是,通过流程管理来实现的，其中补货是由卖方通过定期的现场盘点来进行的,。,卖方寄库管理存货,:,与,VMI,的区别之处在于：卖方在货物的寄放地点即客户的仓库仍保留货物的所有权。货款的支付将等到货物发生实际的使用或销售后予以结算。这种方法目前主要由分销商使用，存货被寄放在分销商的客户处。,联合管理存货,(JMI),:,JMI,的管理团队由客户与卖方的员工组成，通常团队成员地处相互临近的地理区域以便经常性召开见面会。这种方法有助于不同职能的成员间实现开放式的沟通。,JMI,要求更强的联合计划及沟通。,JIT II,:,由一名卖方的员工在客户的采购部代替客户的采购人员进行工作。客户允许这名卖方的员工以客户的身份发出订单并允许他能在客户的工厂所在地随时了解工厂及工程项目状况。,10,以客户为中心的存货管理（,CFIM,）,项目结构,存货所有权,存货所在地,能否共享客户需求数据,补货订单决定人,CFIM,卖方管理存货,(VMI),客户,客户,能,卖方决定,卖方寄库管理存货,卖方,客户,/,卖方,/,第三方物流,可能,卖方决定,联合管理存货,(JMI),客户,/,卖方,客户,能,联合决定,JIT II,客户,客户,能,在客户所在地的卖方代表,其他采购方式,开放式采购（电子化交易市场、拍卖等）,客户,客户,不能,不清楚,传统采购方式（下订单）,客户,客户,可能,事先约定,11,3,种基本的存货地点形式,存货地点位于客户仓库,卖方管理存货（,VMI,）,卖方管理客户所拥有的存货,卖方寄库管理存货,寄放在客户所在地的存货所有权归卖方，客户负责支付仓储、操作及其他相关费用。,联合管理存货（,JMI,）,客户的采购员与卖方的销售员联合办公共同计划与管理存货。,JIT II,由卖方派出人员管理客户的存货，负责计划以及新产品开发的支持,存货地点位于第三方物流仓库,由第三方物流负责存货的装运、仓储、管理及将货物配送至客户处,存货地点位于卖方仓库,确定的供应量,(,配额,),通常出现在供不应求的时候,因卖方很难将货物卖给客户，于是由卖方支付仓储、操作及其他相关费用,12,Forecast,Consumption,Reconciliation,Invoicing,Replenishment signal,ASN,Shipment,CFIM Model 1(at customer site),Pull,Customer,CFIM Inventory,Location,Fab,Assembly/,Test/FGI,Die Bank,Supplier,13,Forecast,Invoicing,ASN,Shipment,Inventory receipt,consumption,reconciliation,CFIM Model 2(at 3PL),3PL Hub,Fab,Assembly/,Test/FGI,Die Bank,Supplier,Pull,Customer,14,Forecast,Invoicing,ASN,Shipment,Pull Signal,ASN,Shipment,CFIM Model 3(at suppliers Regional W/H),Regional,Inventory,W/H,Fab,Assembly/,Test/FGI,Die Bank,Supplier,Customer,15,How,When and With Whom?,Participation in CFIM programs can be effectively determined through:,Product segmentation,Customer segmentation,Strategic choice model,16,产品分类,一个企业经营管理费用的结构与多少受企业所经营的产品数量的影响。因此相应的管理目标应当为同时减少产品数量及相关经营管理费用,如下图所示的产品产量曲线，高科技产品产量中比重最大的是产量大且可预测的产品。所以我们应把关注的重