《英语句子成分及基本结构》省一等奖ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子成分及基本结构,英语句子成分及基本结构,1,（一）句子成分的定义,（一）句子成分的定义,2,（二）,句子的具体成分,主语,（subject),：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由,名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句,等表示。,（二）句子的具体成分主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所,3,英语句子成分及基本结构省一等奖ppt课件,4,5,Smoking,does harm to the health.,（动名词）,6,The rich,should help the poor.,（名词化的形容,词）,7,When we are going to have an English test,has not been decided.,（主语从句）,8,It,is necessary,to master a foreign language,.,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,5 Smoking does harm to the,5,谓语(,predicate),谓语说明主语所做的,动作,或具有的,特征和状态,。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：,1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He,practices,running every morning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You,may keep,the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.,谓语(predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有,6,表语(,predicative),表语(predicative),7,Our teacher of English,is,an American,.,（名词）,Is,it,yours,?,（代词）,The weather has,turned,cold,.,（形容词）,The speech,is,exciting,.,（分词）,Three times seven,is,twenty one,?,（数词）,Our teacher of English is a,8,His job,is,to teach English,.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）,is,playing football,.（动名词）The machine,must be,out of order,.（介词短语）Time,is,up,.The class,is,over,.（副词）The truth,is,that he has never been abroad,.（表语从句）,His job is to teach Engli,9,宾语(,object),宾语(object),10,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由,名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当,。,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一,11,His father named him,Dongming,.（名词）They painted their boat,white,.（形容词）Let the fresh air,in,.（副词）You mustnt force him,to lend his money to you,.（不定式短语）We saw her,entering the room,.（现在分词）We found everything,in the lab in good order,.（介词短语）We will soon make our city,what your city is now,.（从句）,His father named him Dongming.,12,定语(,attributive),修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：,Guilin is a,beautiful,city.（形容词）China is a,developing,country;America is a,developed,country.（分词）There are thirty,women,teachers i,n,our school.（名词）,His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.（不定式短语）The,teaching,plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.（介词短语）,He is reading a book,that he has never read,.（定语从句）,定语(attributive)修饰名词或代词的词、短,13,状语(,adverbial),修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：,Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）,状语(adverbial)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，,14,状语种类如下,How about meeting again,at six,?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of the rain,.（原因状语）I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.（方式状语）She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.（伴随状语）,In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediay,.（结果状语）She works very hard,though she is old,.（让步状语）I am taller,than he is,.（比较状语）,状语种类如下 How about meeting a,15,同位语,同位语,16,独立成分,独立成分,17,简单句、并列句和复合句,（一）句子种类两种分类法,1、按句子的用途可分四种：,1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful,boys;Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!,简单句、并列句和复合句,18,2、按句子的结构可分三种：,1）,简单句,：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.,2、按句子的结构可分三种：,19,简单句的五种基本句型,1主语+不及物动词：(S V),We work.She came,My head aches.,The bell rang.,简单句的五种基本句型,20,2主语+系动词+表语(SVC),2主语+系动词+表语(SVC),21,3主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）,e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.,Mike ate three cakes,she drew a beautiful picture.,3主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）e.g.Henry bou,22,4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）(SVIOO)(SVOiO),e.g.My father bought me a car.-My father bought a car for me,He gave me three yuan.,-He gave three yuan to me,4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）(SVIOO,23,5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）(SVOC),Tom made the baby laugh.We made him our monitor.,I cant make myself understood.,We want to have the desk repaired.,5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）(SVOC)To,24,2),并列句,：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把,两个或两个以上的简单句,连在一起构成。e.g.You help him,and,he helps you.He wants to go there,but,I dont,hurry up,or,you will be late.,This house belongs to Mr.Smith,；,it costs millions of dollars.,2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号,25,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上,从句,的句子。复合句包含：,名词性从句,、定语从句和状语从句,等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall,This is the book that I want.,I think that he is right.,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性,26,偶然 作者:徐志摩 我是天空里的一片云，偶尔投影在你的波心你不必惊异，更无须欢喜在转瞬间消灭了踪影。你我相逢在黑夜的海上，你有你的，我有我的，方向;你记得也好，最好你忘掉，在这交会时互放的光亮。,偶然 作者:徐志摩,27,