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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,小学英语,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,小升初语法总复习汇总,1,一、名词,名词,(表示人和事物名称的词,),专有名词,普通名词,特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。,e.g.Jim Green,,,New York,,,Bank of China,,,Peking University,星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。,个体名词,表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:,student,desk,集体名词,表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:,class,family,物质名词,表示无法分为个体的物质名称,如:,water,rice,sand,,,hair,抽象名词,表示情感,状态,品质等抽象名称,如:,love,,,carelessness,个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算,称为,可数名词,,有单、复数形式;,物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算,称为,不可数名词,,一般只有一种形式。,2,英语语法中,只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式:,1,)单数(表示一个人或事物);,2,)复数(表示多于一个的人或数)。,名词的数:,可数名词,不可数名词,chicken(,鸡,一种动物,),fish,(鱼,一种动物),an ice cream,(一个冰淇淋),a tomato salad,(一种西红柿沙拉),chicken,(鸡肉),fish,(鱼肉),ice cream,(冰淇淋这一类),salad,(沙拉这一类),3,名词复数形式的构成,形式,变化规则,发音,例词,一般情况,+,s,1.,清辅音结尾的名词后,s,2.,浊辅音结尾的名词后,z,;,3.,元音结尾的名词后,z;,books,cups,cats,dogs,birds,arms,days,players,以,-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z,结尾的名词,+es,iz,bus,brush,boxes,watch,以辅音字母加,y,结尾的名词,把,y,改成,i,再加,es,z,stories,families,babies,以,f,和,fe,结尾的大多数名词,把,f,或,fe,改成,v,再加,es,z,thieves,knives,wives,4,不规则名词的复数,由元音字母的变化构成:,man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women,2.,有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样:,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,有些名词变成复数时加,-en:,child-children,ox-oxen,5,Practise,peach_ 2.zoo _,3.glass _4.fox _,5.lady _6.policewoman _,7.house _8.photo _,9.monkey _10.wife _,11.rose _12.path _,13.judge _14.map _,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,6,二、人称代词和物主代,人称,主格,宾格,复数,形容词性,物主代词,名词性物主代词,第一人称,I,me,we,my,mine,第二人称,you,you,you,your,yours,第三人称,she/he/it,him,they,her/his/its,hers/his/its,复数,we,us,our,ours,主格一般用在句子前面,宾格用在动词后面,,I am Li Le.Call me le le.,形容词性物主代词指“某人的什么”,,my book(,我的书,),your puppy.(,你的小狗,),名词性人称代词指什么是“某人的”,This book is mine.(,这本书是我的,),7,所有格,所有格的形式,单数人称名词末尾加,schild-childs,以,-s,结尾的单数人称名词末尾加,s waitress-waitresss,不规则的复数人称名词末尾加,schildren-childrens,以,-s,结尾的复数人称名词末尾加,girls-girls,下列情况一般用“,of”,结构:,东西,:the book of the film,2.,东西的一部分,:the bottom of the box,3.,抽象的概念,:the price of success,4.,当,of,短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时:,Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?,双重,8,s,结构也可以用于“,of”,结构之后,如:,a friend of,my fathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词,又如:,this son of mine,a friend of yours,a cousin of hers,等等。,Isnt Frank a friend of yours?,That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same,Joke five times.,9,冠词,不定冠词,a,an,定冠词,the,只能用于单数可数名词之前,单数可数名词,复数可数名词,不可数名词,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,10,不定冠词的用法:,表示“一”,“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。,I have a sister and two brothers.,2.,在某些度量表示法中:,We have PE lessons three times a week.,3.,用在单数的表语名词前,以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。,George wants to be an engineer.,4.,在以,what,引导的感叹句中,单数的可数名词前。,What a pretty girl!,5.,一些常用短语中。,have a good time,half an hour,have a headache.,11,定冠词的用法:,用来表示“独一无二”的意思。,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2.,表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。,There is a boat in the river.The boat is made of wood.,3.,用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。,the letter from America,the fourteenth of April,4.,用在泛指的乐器名词前。,He plays the piano.,5.,一些常用短语。,by the way,in the morning,Whats the matter?,12,零冠词的用法:,泛指的抽象名词前。,Life is very hard for some people.,2.,泛指的物质名词前。,Water is very useful.,3.,泛指的复数名词前。,Books are my best friends.,4.,泛指的“餐”名前。,Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.,5.,大多数的专有名词前。,He comes from France.,6.,语言的名词前。,She can speak French.,7.,在季节和节日的名词前。,Winter is the best time for skating.,8.,当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。,My brother is a soldier.,9.,在体育项目的名词前。,play basketball,10.,一些常用短语。,at home,go to school,at night,13,四、动词,动词主要表示动作,其次表示状态或性质,有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。,小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有:实义动词、be动词、情态动词can,must等。,14,Be,动词,am,is,are,was,were,will be,15,动词的基本形式,原形,第三人称单数现在式,过去式,现在分词,study,studies,studied,studying,do,does,did,doing,have,has,had,having,learn,learns,learned/learnt,learning,16,第三人称单数现在式,情况,变化规则,例词,一般情况,+s,works,learns,eats,needs,says,结尾为,s,x,sh,ch,o,+es,passes,washes,teaches,goes,fixes,结尾为辅音字母,+y,变,y,为,i+es,carries,studies,flies,hurries,cries,动词,be,和,have,的第三人称单数现在式分别是,is,和,has,。,17,动词的过去式,构成,例词读音,在动词后加,ed,在以,e,结尾的动词后加,ed,在以辅音字母加,y,结尾的动词后,先变,y,为,i,再加,ed,在重读闭音节须双写这个辅音字母再加,ed,在清辅音后读,t,looked,washed,passed,hoped,liked,stopped,dropped,在元音和浊辅音后读,d,stayed,called,lived,studied,tried,carried,planned,preferred,在辅音,t,、,d,后读,id,tasted,needed,admitted,permitted,18,现在分词,情况,变化规则,例词,一般情况,+ing,doing,asking,helping,以不发音的,e,结尾的动词,去,e,加,ing,having,taking,writing,living,以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加,ing,running,swimming,putting,sitting,19,五、动词的时态,动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。,小升初要求的时态:,一般现在时:,work/works,2.,现在进行时:,am/is/are working,3.,一般过去时:,worked,4.,一般将来时:,am/is/are going to work,5.,过去进行时:,was/were+doing,20,一般现在时基本用法介绍,一般现在时的功能,1.,表示事物或人物的特征、状态。,如:,The sky is blue.,天空是蓝色的。,2.,表示经常性或习惯性的动作。,常与时间副词连用:always,often,usually,every,on Sundays,twice a week等。,如:,I get up at six every day.,我天天六点起床。,3.,表示客观现实。,如:,The earth goes around the sun.,地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时,21,一般现在时,基本结构,肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句,I work.,We work.,I dont work.,We dont work.,Do I work?,Do we work?,You work.,You dont work.,Do you work?,They work.,They dont work.,Do they work?,She,He works.,It,S
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