必修四-unit4-grammar

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 4,Grammar,Body language,现在分词作定语，当分词,单独,做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前。,现在分词作定语,(Revision),1,）,a,walking,stick,drinking,water,a,waiting,room,2,）,working,people=the people who are working,the,rising,sun=the sun that is rising,表功能特，性点,表动作的进行,3,）,a surprising,result,boring,music,表性质和特征,动词,-ing,形式是,短语，,应,放在所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。,They are visitors,coming from several countries.,who come from several countries,.,Three days later I received a letter,offering me,the job.,which offered me the job.,The girl,standing there,is my classmate.,who stands there,Practice:,(1)The _ waiter came up to us and said,“You are welcome.”,A.smiling B.smiled,C.smile D.to smile,(2)The wolf(,狼,)spoke in a _ voice and Mr.Dongguo felt_.,frightening;frightened,frightened;frightened,C.frighten;frightening,D.frightening;frightening,A,A,(3)Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.,asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept,(4)The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.,A.shaking B.shook C.shaken D.shake,C,A,The ing-form as the Adverbial(,状语,),I met him,yesterday,.,He did it,carefully,.,To catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.,The war broke out,in 1990 in a small town.,Without his help,，,we couldnt work it out.,状语？,Hearing the bell,the students began to enter the classroom.,听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）,Having done the work,he went home.,完成了工作，他就回家了。,现在分词作状语,现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的,原因,、,时间,、,方式,、,结果,、,条件,、,伴随状况,等。现在分词,一般不用作表目的地状语,（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。,现在分词作状语时，,分词的逻辑主语必须是,句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上,的主谓关系，,否则不能用现在分词作状语。,但要注意它地各种形式变化,主动形式 被动形式,V-ing being V-ed,having V-ed having been V-ed,一般式,完成式,现在分词作,状语,Walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.,(=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.),While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.,1,）,表时间状语,doing,强调同时发生,Having finished his homework,he went out to play.,(=After he finished his homework,he went out to play.),Having tried for many times,he invented the light bulb.,=After he tried for,many times,he,bulb.,Having done,强调动作发生于谓语动词之前,2),表原因状语,Being ill,he didnt go to school.,(=as he was ill,he didnt go to school.),Thinking he might be at home,I called him.,Not knowing his telephone number,I couldnt get in touch with him.,3),表方式、伴随情况的状语,：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是,主语的一个 动作,，或是,与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生,，或是,对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明,。,Eg.He sat on the sofa,watching TV.,(=He sat on the sofa,and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_,they went into the classroom.,他斜靠,(lean),着墙站着。,He stood _ against the wall,Laughing and talking,leaning,4),表结果,Eg.Her mother died in 1990,l,eaving,her with,her younger brother.,(=Her mother died in 1990,and left her with,her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受 欢,迎地歌曲。,The song is sung all over the,country,_.,making it the most popular song,5),表条件,Using your head,you will find a way.,(=If you use your head,you will find a way.),一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_,you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,注意：,1.,当,v-ing,形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：,having done,_(,完成作业之后,),he rushed out to play basketball.,Having finished his homework,2.,当,v-ing,形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：,having been done,Having been shown the lab,we were taken to see the library.,Having been translated into many languages,the book was widely read all over the world.,3.,非谓语的否定式,not+doing/having done,Not knowing his telephone number,I couldnt get in touch with him.,4.v-ing,形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。,Rushing into the dining-room,supper was waiting for me.,Rushing into the dining-room,I found supper was waiting for me.,While visiting a strange city,a guide-book is very helpful.,While visiting a strange city,you may find a guide-book very helpful.,5.,固定结构：,Judging from,his appearance,he must be very rich.,Generally speaking,his answer is right.,6.,与逻辑主语构成,独立主格,：,I waiting,for the bus,a bird fell on my heard,我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。,All the tickets having been sold out,they went,away disappointedly,.,所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。,Time permitting,well do another two exercises.,如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,Practise:,They set out _ for the _ boy.,searching;losing B.searching;lost,C.to search;lost D.searched;losing,(2)The student sat there,_ what to do.,doesnt knowing B.didnt knowing,C.not know D.not knowing,B,D,(3)He sat there _,with his head on his hand.,and think B.thinking,C.thought D.being thought,(4)The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.,visiting;add B.visited;adding,C.visiting;adding D.visited;added,B,C,(5)_ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(,北京,2004),A.To wait B.Have waited,C.Having waited D.To have waited,C,6.The secretary worked late into the night,_a long speech for the president.(MET91),To prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing,7.European foot ball is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 98),Making B.makes C.made D.to make,B,现在分词表结果状语,A,现在分词作伴随状语,高考链接,8.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.(MET93),A.angrily pointing B