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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2015/9/22,#,Analyzing Learner Language,Unit 6,Analyzing Learner LanguageUnit,1,2,3,目录,6.1 Contrastive Analysis,6.2 Error Analysis,6.3 Learner Corpus Analysis,1 23目录6.1 Co,1.Try,to consider the following questions and get answers to them:,Does your teacher of English always make comparisons between English and Chinese in his/her teaching in order to make us understand or remember what you learn?,Do you often translate the new English words or sentences into Chinese in your learning?,What types of errors do you make most often in your English learning?Why?,Do you often analyze your errors in order to avoid them later?,2.Make a powerpoint presentation in which you give examples to show your understanding of the key concepts of this unit.,Pre-learning,Tasks,1.Try to consider the followi,6.1 Contrastive Analysis,6.1.1 What is CA?,6.1.2 Hypotheses of CA,6.1.3 Procedures of CA,6.1.4 Criticisms of CA,6.1 Contrastive Analysis6.1.1,Contrastive analysis is a systematic method of comparing two or more languages or subsystems of languages in order to determine both the differences and similarities between them.,6.1.1 What is CA?,Contrastive analysis is a syst,1)The strong version,It is possible to contrast the system of one language(the grammar,phonology and lexicon)with the system of a second language in order to,predict,the difficulties which a speaker of the second language will have in learning the first language,and to construct reading materials to help her learn that language.,2)The weak version,This version requires that linguists only use the best linguistic knowledge available to them to account for observed difficulties in second language learning.It does not require the prediction of those difficulties,and conversely,of those learning points which do not create any difficulties.,6.1.2 Hypotheses of CA,1)The strong version6.1.2 Hyp,The procedures of contrastive analysis follow four steps:1)Description:a formal description of the relevant features of each language compared;2)Selection:a selection of subsystems predicted to present difficulty in order to establish the comparability;3)Comparison and contrast:the identification of areas of difference and similarity;4)Prediction:identification of possible areas to cause errors.,1,)Step One:Describing Relevant Features of Both Languages,2)Step Two:Establishing Comparability,3)Step Three:Comparison and Contrast,6.1.3 Procedures of CA,The procedures of contrastive,CA has its own limitations.,CA,cannot predict errors in language learning.,the,strong version of CA is proved to be unfeasible.,CA,studies concentrated largely on grammatical aspects,the phonological level,the morphemic level and the syntactical level.,There,is practically little contrastive analysis above the sentence level,let alone the textual or discourse level.,6.1.4 Criticisms of CA,CA has its own limitations.6.,6.2 Error Analysis,6.2.1 What is EA?,6.2.2 Procedures of EA,6.2.3 Criticisms of EA,6.2 Error Analysis6.2.1 What,6.2.1 What is EA,?,Error,analysis is the method to deal with intralingual factors in learners language,.,Error analysis aims to,find,out how well the learner knows the second language;,find,out how the learner learns the second language;,obtain,information on common difficulties in second language learning;,serve,as an aid in teaching or in the preparation and compilation of teaching materials.,6.2.1 What is EA?Error analysi,6.2.2 Procedures of EA,Fig 6.1 Procedures of Error Analysis,6.2.2 Procedures of EAFig 6.1,a)Distinction between Error and Mistake,b)Identification of Errors,c)Description of Errors,d)Explanation of Errors,e)Evaluation of Errors,f)Correction of Errors,6.2.2 Procedures of EA,a)Distinction between Error a,1)Confusion of error description and error explanation,2)Lack of precision and specificity in the error categories,3)Inappropriate use of simplistic classifications for learners errors,4)Too much attention to learners errors,5)Overstressing production data,6)Failure to capture L2 learning phenomena,7)Failure to provide a complete view of L2 acquisition over time,6.1.4 Criticisms of CA,1)Confusion of error descript,6.3 Learner Corpus Analysis,6.3.1 What is a Learner Corpus?,6.3.2 Approaches of Learner Corpus Analysis,6.3 Learner Corpus Analysis6.3,6.3.1 What is a Learner Corpus?,A learner corpus is defined as a large collection of texts of L2 learners spoken or written interlanguage.The corpus can be voice data or text data,depending on the research purpose.,6.3.1 What is a Learner Corpus,contrastive,interlanguage,analysis,The analysis involves comparisons between at least two corpora.,CIA involves four major types of comparison:,(1)comparison of native language and interlanguage;,(2)comparison of different interlanguages;,(3)comparison of interlanguages of different levels;,(4)comparison of spoken and written interlanguages.,2),computerized,e,rror analysis,Computer error analysis is a method which has developed from the 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