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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit1 Grammar and Usage,Modal verbs,Unit1 Grammar and UsageModal v,一,.What are modal verbs?,情态动词用在行为动词前，表示,说话人对这一动作或状态的态度，看法或主观设想,.,但,本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能,和动词原形,一起构成谓语。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)must not，,have to,.,一.What are modal verbs?情态动词用在行,二,.We use modal verbs to talk about:,1.Ability,（能力）,2.Obligation,（义务）,3.Certainty,（可能性）,4.Permission,（允许,）,二.We use modal verbs to talk,.We also use modal verbs to:,5.Make requests,（提出请求）,6.Make suggestions,（提出建议或意见）,7.Make offers,（提供帮助）,.We also use modal verbs to:5.,1.Ability(,能力）,can/could,:,1,）,.,can,一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。,Learning English _ be difficult,.,can,Man,can,not live without air,.,_ I use your bike?,Can,1.Ability(能力）can/could:1）.c,can/could,:,2.,在疑问句中，用,could,可表示请求，语气较委婉。,_I have the television on?,Yes,you _.,/No,you _,Could,He asks if he _ smoke here.,could,can/may,cant/Im afraid not,can/could:2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，,can/could,:,3.,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）,Hes such a nice person that he _ commit the crime,!,cant,你怎么会如此地粗心！,How,can,you be so careless!,Can,this be true?,can/could:3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要,can/could,:,4.can never/canttoo,表示“无论怎样,也不过分”，“越,越好”。,你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。,You,cant,be too careful,（,/careful enough,）,while crossing the street.,can/could:4.can never/cant,Attention:,can/be able to,区别,:,Edison always wondered why hens,could,hatch(,孵,)chickens while he,was not able to,.,Question:Are the two modal verbs interchangeable(,互换,)?If not,why?,can,表示,与生俱来的能力,或,一种客观可能,，而,be able to,更加强调,通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，,或者,在某个客观的场合和背景下,，能做到的事情。,Attention:can/be able to区别:Edi,2.Obligation(义务）,advisability,necessity,ought to/should,have to,must,Your mother brings you up and takes good care of you,so when she is old,you _ look after her in return.,A.can B.may C.have to D.must,2.Obligation(义务）advisabilityne,have to,1.have to,表示一种客观的需要，即周围的环境、状况等要求或迫使某人,不得不,做某事。,Its raining outside,so I,have to,put on my raincoat to go out.,have to1.have to 表示一种客观的需要，即周围,2.have to,的否定式,dont have to,，相当于,neednt,，表示没有义务或没必要做某事，意为,不必,，常用于回答,must,引导的疑问句。,Must,I turn in my homework now?,-Yes,you,must/have to,.,-No,you,neednt/dont have to,.,2.have to 的否定式dont have to，相,3Certainty(可能性）:,very uncertain,almost certain,might,should,must,may,could,ought to,will,1.He _ be at home,.,2.He _ be at home,for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.,A.may B.might C.must,A.may B.might C.must,(can),3Certainty(可能性）:very uncertain,must,表示肯定的猜测，译为“,一定,”，只能用于肯定句,在疑问句和否定句中表推测时分别要用,can/could,和,cant/couldnt,。,This,must be,your pen.,He,must be doing,his homework now.,He,cant,be in the classroom,for the light has been turned off.,must,must 表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，只能用于肯定句,在疑,must,2.,表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：,if you must do sth.,如果你,非得要,做某事）,如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。,If you must leave,do it quietly.,must2.表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：if you m,3.must,做,必须,讲时，其疑问句的否定回答用,neednt,，表示,不必,，,mustnt,表示,不准，禁止,。,-,Must,I work out the problem tonight?,-No,you,neednt,.,Its my car.You,mustnt,use it without my permission.,3.must 做必须讲时，其疑问句的否定回答用neednt,4.Permission(,允许）,may/might:,1.,表示许可，常译为,可以,。表示请求、允许时，,might,比,may,的语气更委婉一些。,-,Might/May,I use your computer?,-Yes,you can.,/No,you cant/mustnt.,4.Permission(允许）may/might:1.表,may/might:,2.,用于祈使句中表示祝愿。,3.,表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用,can,或,could,）。,祝你成功！,May,you succeed.,He,may,be very busy now.,May,you be happy all your life.,may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、,4.may/might as well.,还是,.,为好，不妨,Its very late,so you,may/might as well,go t bed.,4.may/might as well.还是.,5.Making requests(,提出要求,):,Can,you help me with my training?,I dont know how to use this equipment!,will can could would,informal,formal,5.Making requests(提出要求):Can y,will/would:,1.,表示请求、建议等，用于第二人称疑问句中，,would,比,will,委婉客气,。,sentence,pattern,Would you please,Would you mind,Would rather,Would you like,will/would:1.表示请求、建议等，用于第二人称疑,will/would:,2.,表示意志、愿望和决心。有,愿意，要,的意思，,will,指现在，,would,指过去的习惯性动作或倾向。,I,will,never do that again.,I,would,go there with you.,will/would:2.表示意志、愿望和决心。有愿意，要的,will/would:,3.,可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。,The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he,finished,his farm work.,would,will/would:3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译,6.Making suggestions(,提出建议,),:,Shall(,可以）,/should(,应该）,、,Ought to(,应该）,/had better,（最好,),6.Making suggestions(提出建议):,shall,:,1.,Shall,用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助,。,1.,Shall,we begin our lesson?,2.When,shall,he be allowed to leave hospital?,3.,Shall,I carry this bag for you?,shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说,shall:,2.,Shall,用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,You,shall,fail if you dont work harder.,He,shall,be punished according to the rule.,等我读完这本书，就会给他的。,He,shall,have the book when I finish it,.,警告,威胁,允诺,shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对,should:,1.,Should,表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是,ought to,；在疑问句中，通常用,should,代替,oughtto,。,Should,I open the window?,我们应当要相互学习。,We should learn from each other.,should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词,should:,2.,情态动词,should,用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。,I,should,advise you not t
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