2013年中考英语专项复习名词讲析课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,中考英语专项复习名词讲析,普通名词,专有名词,（人名、地名）,可数名词,不可数名词,名词,名词单数的表达,一般可用,a,，,an,，,one,来修饰,注：,a,用于辅音,音素,开头的单词前,an,用于,元音音素,开头的单词前,*,a,book,*,an,English book,*,an h,our,flower,flower,s,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factori,es,leaf-lea,ves,box,es,NOUN.,名词的复数形式,1.,规则变化,(1),一般在复数名词后加“,s,”/s/or/z/,*,dog,dog,s,*,book,book,s,(2),以,s,、,x,、,ch,、,sh,结尾的名词加“,es”/iz/,*box,box,es,*watch,watch,es,(,3),以辅音字母加,y,结尾的名词,变,y,为,i,加“,es,”/iz/,*countr,y,countr,ies,*factor,y,factor,ies,请区别：如果是元音字母加,y,结尾的名词则只须加“,s”,*boy,boy,s,holiday,-,holiday,s,*monkey,monkey,s,(,4),以,f,、,fe,结尾的名词,变,f,、,fe,为,v,再加“,es,”/vz/,*hal,f,hal,ves,*shel,f,shel,ves,*kni,fe,kni,ves,*lea,f,lea,ves,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomato,es,potato,es,hero,es,NOUN.,英雄,吃,马铃薯,和,西红柿,piano,s,(5),以,o,结尾的名词,一般情况加,s,读作,/z/.,potato,，,tomato,，,hero,除外,*,piano,piano,s,*zoo,zoo,s,potato,potato,es,tomato,tomato,es,child-childr,en,woman-wom,e,n,sheep,man-m,e,n,NOUN.,2.,不规则变化,(1),单复数同形,Chinese,Chinese fish,fish Japanese,Japanese sheep,sheep,(2),变元音字母,oo,为,ee,t,oo,th,t,ee,th f,oo,t,f,ee,t,(3).,变,man,为,m,e,n,m,a,n,m,e,n wom,a,n,wom,e,n,policem,a,n,policem,e,n,Frenchm,a,n,Frenchm,e,n,请区别：,German,(,德国人,),German,s,(“,中日”不变“英法”变，其余,s,加后面,),(4).,常以复数形式出现的名词,people clothes shoes,trousers glasses,这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数,*,My clothes,are,newer than yours.,3.,可数名词可以被,a,an,one,two,以及,how many,，,many,，,a few,，,few,，,any,，,lots of,a lot of,，,some,等修饰,*,There are,a few,people,in the park.,*,How many,knives,are there in your pencil-box?,1.Several _ are talking under the tree,And they are talking about_.,A,woman;children B,woman;child,C,women;children,2.There are three,in my family.,A.people B.person C.child,3.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.Germen,C.Germany D.Germanies,C,A,A,4.In the picture there are many_ and two_.,A.sheeps;knifes B.sheeps;knife,C.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife,5.There are four_and two_in the group.,A.Japanese,，,Germen B.Japaneses,，,Germen,C.Japanese,，,German D.Japanese,，,Germans,D,C,不可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如,:water,，,rice,，,fish,，,meat,等。,work chalk time space music,money weather homework,wood information news medicine,1.,单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数,*,Some bread,is,over there,.,*No news,is,good news.,2.,不可数名词不能直接被,a,an,one,two,等修饰，常用,how much,much,a little,little,a,lot,of,lots of,some,any,等修饰,*,They had,much,money.,*He does,little,housework at home.,*a rice,(,X,),two bread,(,X,),3.,可数名词和不可数名词都可以用,单位,+of+,名词,表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变,*,a bag of,apples,*,a piece of,paper,*,three glasses of,orange,4.,有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情,况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同,glass(,玻璃,)a glass(,玻璃杯,),work(,工作,)a work(,著作,),time(,时间,)times(,次数,),1.Please give me _ paper.,A.one B.a pieces C.a pieceD.a piece of,2.This table is made of_.,A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass,3.What can I do for you,sir?,Id like two_.,A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks,C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks,4.We can do the work better with_money and,_ people.,A.less,fewer B.fewer,less,C.little,little D.few,few,D,D,C,A,名词所有格,表示名词间的所有关系“,的”,一,.,名词所有格的构成方法,1.,一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“,s”,Kangkang,s,father Lucy,s,book,2.,以,s,结尾的复数名词,则在,s,后加“”即可,Teachers,office The Greens,house,3.,不以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“,s,”,*Children,s,Day *men,s,shoes,4.,无生命名词的所有关系用,of,加名词，构成所属关系的短语,*,the color,of,the,wall,*a picture,of,the,classroom,1.June 1st is _Day.All the Children enjoy it very much.,A.Children B.Childrens,C.Childrens D.Child,2.The two bedroom are the _.,A.twins B.twins C.twins D.twins,C,C,重难点突破,小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因,Our hospital needs two_doctors,Mrs.Li.You can ask your son to have a try.,A.women B.man,C.woman D.men,D,名词的用法,1.,修饰另一名词时,一般用单数,*,There are three,banana,trees over there.,2.,man woman,用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致,*,We need,a man teacher,.,*They are all,women workers,.,3.,sports,clothes,做定语时,仍用复数形式,*,a,sports,star,*a,clothes,shop,2.This pair of shorts_too expensive.I cant afford_.,are,them B.are,it,C.is,them D.is,it,重难点突破,C,当出现“单位,+of+,名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。,This pair of shoes,is,nice.,比较：,The shoes,are,nice.,Here,are,two pieces of news.,比较：,The news,is,wonderful.,3.The model plane was made by a _ boy.,A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-older,C.ten-year-old D.ten-year old,重难点突破,C,当数词与单位名词一起构成,合成形容词,做定语时，单位名词往往用,单数,形式,数词与单位名词用“,-”,连接。,*,He is a,fourteen-year-old,boy.,*This is a,two-hour,plan.,4.The police_on the street when accident happened.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,重难点突破,D,名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。,*,Her family,is,a large one,and her family,are,all,teachers,.,她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。,5.Where is Tom?,-He has gone to the _.,A.teacher B.teachers,C.teachers D.teachers,重难点突破,D,名词所有格的几个注意点,可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略,*,my,aunts,(home,）,(,我姑姑家）,*,go to the,teachers,(office,）,(,去老师办公室）,6.Lucy is _ sister.,A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and Jacks,C.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and Jacks,重难点突破,D,表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“,s,”,*Lucy and Lily,s,room,露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）,请区别,:,Lucy,s,and Lily,s,rooms,露西的房间和莉莉的房间,（两人各有一间房间）,7.Look at that old man.He is_.,a friend of my B.a friend of mine,C.A mes friend D.a my friend,重难点突破,B,物主代词与,a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,等词共同修饰名词时，需用,双重所有格,，其构成为,名词,+of+,