资源描述
,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,10-,*,New-Product Development and Product Life-Cycle Strategies,Chapter 10,0,Objectives,Understand how companies find and develop new-product ideas.,Learn the steps in the new-product development process.,Know the stages of the product life cycle.,Understand how marketing strategies change during the products life cycle.,1,$50 billion in profits over 27 years,Early new-product development relied heavily on copying the competition,$4.2 billion annually invested in R&D,Innovation is critical to Microsofts future success,Much of R&D efforts are Internet related,Many new products and services are in development,Microsoft,Case Study,2,Definition,New Product Development,Development of original products,product improvements,product modifications,and new brands through the firms own R&D efforts.,3,New products can be obtained via acquisition or development.,New products suffer from high failure rates.,Several reasons account for failure.,New Product Development Strategy,4,New Product Development Process:,Stage 1:Idea Generation,Internal idea sources:,R&D,External idea sources:,Customers,competitors,distributors,suppliers,New Product Development Strategy,5,New Product Development Process:,Stage 2:Idea Screening,Product development costs increase substantially in later stages.,Ideas are evaluated against criteria;most are eliminated.,New Product Development Strategy,6,New Product Development Process:,Stage 3:Concept Development and Testing,Product concepts provide detailed versions of new product ideas.,Concept tests ask target consumers to evaluate product concepts.,New Product Development Strategy,7,New Product Development Process:,Stage 4:Marketing Strategy Development,Strategy statements describe:,The target market,product positioning,and sales,share,and profit goals for the first few years.,Product price,distribution,and marketing budget for the first year.,Long-run sales and profit goals and the marketing mix strategy.,New Product Development Strategy,8,New Product Development Process:,Stage 5:Business Analysis,Sales,cost,and profit projections,Stage 6:Product Development,Prototype development and testing,New Product Development Strategy,9,New Product Development Process:,Stage 7:Test Marketing,Standard test markets,Controlled test markets,Simulated test markets,Stage 8:Commercialization,New Product Development Strategy,10,The Typical Product Life Cycle(PLC)Has Five Stages,Product Development,Introduction,Growth,Maturity,Decline,Not all products follow this cycle:,Fads,Styles,Fashions,Product Life-Cycle Strategies,11,The product life cycle concept can be applied to a:,Product class(soft drinks),Product form(diet colas),Brand(Diet Dr.Pepper),Using the PLC to forecast brand performance or to develop marketing strategies is problematic,Product Life-Cycle Strategies,12,Product Life-Cycle Strategies,Product development,Introduction,Growth,Maturity,Decline,Begins when the company develops a new-product idea,Sales are zero,Investment costs are high,Profits are negative,PLC Stages,13,Product Life-Cycle Strategies,Product development,Introduction,Growth,Maturity,Decline,Low sales,High cost per customer acquired,Negative profits,Innovators are targeted,Little competition,PLC Stages,14,Product,Offer a basic product,Price,Use cost-plus basis to set,Distribution,Build selective distribution,Advertising,Build awareness among early adopters and dealers/resellers,Sales Promotion,Heavy expenditures to create trial,Marketing Strategies:Introduction Stage,15,Product Life-Cycle Strategies,Product development,Introduction,Growth,Maturity,Decline,Rapidly rising sales,Average cost per customer,Rising profits,Early adopters are targeted,Growing competition,PLC Stages,16,Product,Offer product extensions,service,warranty,Price,Penetration pricing,Distribution,Build intensive distribution,Advertising,Build awareness and interest in the mass market,Sales Promotion,Reduce expenditures to take advantage of consumer demand,Marketing Strategies:Growth Stage,17,Product Life-Cycle Strategies,Product development,Introduction,Growth,Maturity,Decline,Sales peak,Low cost per customer,High profits,Middle majority are targeted,Competition begins to decline,PLC Stages,18,Product,Diversify brand and models,Price,Set to match or beat competition,Distribution,Build more intensive distribution,Advertising,Stress brand differences and benefits,Sales Promotion,Increase to encourage brand switching,Marketing Strategies:Maturity Stage,19,Product Life-Cycle Strategies,Product development,Introduction,Growth,Maturity,Decline,Declining sales,Low cost per customer,Declining profits,Laggards are targeted,Declining competition,PLC Stages,20,Product,Phase out weak items,Price,Cut price,Distribution,Use selective distribution:phase out unprofitable outlets,Advertising,Reduce to level needed to retain hard-core loyalists,Sales Promotion,Reduce to minima
展开阅读全文