分别调整成分或模型参数均可拟合试验结果形成多义性UHECR研究课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,羊八井宇宙线实验,解开,UHE CR,成分/模型纠缠的前景,谭有恒（,中科院高能所,）,For,高能物理第七届学术会议,September,2006,桂林,4300,m a.s.l.,羊八井宇宙线实验,解开UHE CR谭有恒（中科院高能所,1,Hadronic Physics,Cosmic Ray Physics,加速器,较低能(高能),中心区,高流强,已知的入射粒子和靶核,探测器密集,宇宙线,甚高能,超高能,朝前区,低流强,入射粒子未知,探测器稀疏,(羊八井地毯除外),Hadronic PhysicsCosmic Ray Phy,2,在宇宙线能区的强作用,基于,加速器能区,下述参数的,外推,构造唯象模型,:,QGSJET,SIBYLL,DPMJET,EPOS,非弹性作用截面,p-p,p-air,非弹性系数,次粒子多重数,次粒子的(赝)快度,分布,能量依赖性,加速器能区,UHE,宇宙线能区,GAP,在宇宙线能区的强作用基于加速器能区下述参数的外推,构造唯象模,3,分别调整成分或模型参数均可拟合试验结果形成多义性UHECR研究课件,4,P-Air inelastic cross section,P-Air inelastic cross section,5,QGSJET-II,QGSJET,SIBYLL 2.1,QGSJET-II QGSJET SIBYLL 2.1,6,QGSJET-II,QGSJET,SIBYLL 2.1,QGSJET-II QGSJET SIBYLL 2.1,7,荷电粒子数快度分布的实验结果,荷电粒子数快度分布的实验结果,8,Production spectrum(p-,14,N),Baryons,Mesons,Feynman,(,in LS),Production spectrum(p-14N)Bar,9,然后又基于这些模型假定去测,UHE,作用参数,或,原初元素成分,陷入了,“,成分/,模型,纠缠”,怪圈,分别调整,成分,或,模型,参数均可拟合实验结果形成,多义性,UHE CR,研究的,老大难,然后又基于这些模型假定去测UHE,10,Longitudinal development of AS,Longitudinal development of AS,11,分别调整成分或模型参数均可拟合试验结果形成多义性UHECR研究课件,12,R.Ulrich talk,R.Ulrich talk,13,CR composition at the knee,CR composition at the knee,14,Relative fractions of p,He and CNO are dependent on model,BUT,break in,p,is 600 TeV and in,He,at 1200 TeV,Very different from the Tibet result(100 TeV),Relative fractions of p,He a,15,Average mass,S.Ogio et al.Ap.J 612(2004)268,Average massS.Ogio et al.Ap.J,16,解开,C/M,纠缠,的曙光,LHC,E,lab,10,17,eV:,即将实现,二能区的衔接,并,扩大对朝前区粒子的观测范围,弄清,UHE,作用模型指日可待,使,CR,专注,CR,成分探索,羊八井地毯式阵列的建成及,YSCA,的可能实现,高海拔,-最佳观测高度:簇射最大,涨落最小,C/M,依赖最小,地毯式,-获取各单个簇射的粒子时空分布的整体和 细致图像可能,若配合以别的探测器,有检验,UHE,作用模型的能力及逐事例区分原初成分的可能,复合式,-多品种、多参数同时测量,解开C/M纠缠的曙光,17,Knee,(10,15,eV),I particle/,(m,2,year),Proton-(anti)Proton cross-sections,important for measuring extensive air shower development(EAS),every primary particle produces an EAS,James L.Pinfold IVECHRI 2006 4,KneeProton-(anti)Proton cross-,18,The ATLAS approach is to measure elastic scattering down to such small,t,-values that the cross section becomes sensitive to the EM amp.via the Coulomb interference term.,LHC measurement of,s,TOT,expected to be at the 1%level useful in the extrapolation up to HECR energies,The p-p total cross-section,10%,difference in measurements of,Tevatron Expts:,James L.Pinfold IVECHRI 2006 14,(,log s),The ATLAS approach is to measu,19,Regions of most interest for showers,Pseudo-rapidity,Multiplicity,Energy distribution,FORWARD PHYSICS,Regions of most interest for s,20,Models describe the Tevatron well-but LHC model predictions reveal large discrepancies in extrapolation.No direct correlation between central and forward production.(10TeV,时，,Ne1000；1000TeV,时，,Ne10,6,个电子,挑战膝区物理,区分成分,、,测准能谱,YBJ,具有无可争辩,的优势,ARGO-II及羊八井超级复合阵列计划地理最佳 近Xmax:,22,若将,ARGO,地毯,发展为,羊八井超级复合阵列,若将ARGO地毯发展为,23,1,Cluster,的,RPC,探测器,全部 238个,clusters,10000,m,2,1 Cluster,的,CBD,整个,CBD,共,42,clusters,1800,m,2,室内,子探测器中的,一个,cluster,(,一个,子,探测器含12个,RPC),室外,子探测器中的,一个,Block,(,每个含4个,Block,432 m,2,),2m,2,闪烁探测器,72台,1,m,2,闪烁探测器,192 台,测定,AS,粒子到达时间错落(脉冲形状)的精细闪烁探测器,29台,计划中的羊八井,超级复合阵列,1 Cluster 的RPC探测器计划中的羊八井,24,A,B,C,D,E,F,10,cm,5,cm,15.3,cm,11.4,cm,一个,RPC，2.85mX1.25m,A&C:,同时具有数字读出和大动态模拟读出的,RPC(,高阻平板室)粒子探测器，用于,和电子测量;,C,也是整个万平米“地毯”的一部分,B:,5mm Pb,板,/,e,转换体,D:,10cm Pb,板，,/,e,过滤体,E:,具,x,和,Y,数字读出的,RPC,测,子,F,:,地板,A,型,(,厅内,),子探测器结构图,顶视图,侧视图,电缆空间,YSCA,厅内,子探测器结构图,(一个,Cluster,四个,Cluster,组成一个,170,m,2,的子探测器),A10cm5cm15.3cm11.4cm一个RPC，2.85,25,A,B,C,10,cm Pb or 30cm Fe,板,第一层流光管粒子探测器,第一层流光管粒子探测器,4,X,9,盒流光管（每盒8丝8间隔，,3,cm,高,X,25cm,X,12m,），,安装在4个40呎或8个20呎闲置的集装箱中,X,读出:,自阳极丝,Y,读出:,自感应条,侧视图,顶视图,9.4,m,12,m,B,型,(,野外,),子探测器结构图,YSCA,野外,子探测器结构图,(一个,Block,四个,Block,组成一个,430,m,2,的子探测器),A10cm Pb or 30cm Fe 板4X9盒流光管（每,26,A,R,esistive,P,late,C,hamber,多层钢架,(一,cluster,用一个钢架,一处,子探测器,共用4个架子),A,C&E:,一个,RPC,B:,5mm Pb,板,D:,10cm Pb,板,F,:ARGO,厅内地板,A,B,C,D,E,F,厅内子探测器安装方案,(一个,Cluster),Outer side,Inner side,A Resistive Plate Chamber 多层钢架,27,野外,子探测器安装方案,(一个,Block),10,cm Pb,板或 30,cm Fe,板作为,/,e,过滤体,2 层流光管,集装箱,总面积 110,m,2,土,1,m,1,m,棚布,地平面,野外子探测器安装方案(一个Block)10cm Pb 板或,28,Muons versus Charged particles,Missing Energy!,Muons versus Charged particles,29,在100,TeV,的三种,AS,中的,与子的密度比,心距,R,密度比,/,在100TeV 的三种AS 中的与子的密度比心距R密度,30,简单的,-,cut,就可实现清楚的,-,AS,/,P-AS,分辨。既然都相信能量10,15,eV,以下的,CR,都源自河内，那么,在,YBJ,找到,UHE,源亦即,UHE,宇宙线源的机会将会很高,UHE,（50TeV100PeV）,-,天文在,YBJ,简单的-cut就可实现清楚的-AS/P-AS分辨。既然都,31,在100,TeV,的三种,AS,中的,、子密度比,心距,R,Log(,/,),在100TeV 的三种AS 中的、子密度比心距RLog(,32,在100,TeV,的三种,AS,中的,电子、子密度比,Log(,e,/,),心距,R,在100TeV 的三种AS 中的电子、子密度比Log(,33,MC,第一印象:,P/,重核分辨一目了然,MC,模拟:200,TeV,的,P(,左)和,Fe(,右)引起的,AS,在地毯上的粒子数分布一例,MC第一印象:P/重核分辨一目了然MC模拟:200T,34,Main jobs of YSCA,(50TeV-100PeV),A,ll the research items planned by ARGO-I,mainly Sub-Tev10TeV,-ray astronomy,;Moon-shadow and Sun-shadow,;,UHE(50TeV-10PeV),-ray sources,-,search for,cosmic ray sources,in our Galaxy,UHE CR and,Knee Physics,(50TeV-100PeV),Direct measure,all particle spectra,and,P-,Fe-spectra,;deduce other elementary groups energy spectra.Approach the origin of the Knee,the mechanism of CR acceleration&propagation,Characters of UHE interaction,(specially in,