英美短篇小 说Unit 17 The Snows of Kilimanjaro

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,Unit 17,The Snows of Kilimanjaro,Ernest Hemingway,Ernest Hemingway,Ernest Miller Hemingway(1899 1961),American novelist and short-story writer,awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.He was noted both for the intense masculinity of his writing and for his adventurous and widely publicized life.His succinct and lucid prose style exerted a powerful influence on American and British fiction in the 20th century.,Hemingways Writing Years,The writing of books occupied Hemingway for most of the postwar years.He remained based in Paris,but he traveled widely for the skiing,bullfighting,fishing,and hunting that by then had become part of his life and formed the background for much of his writing.His position as a master of short fiction had been advanced by Men Without Women in 1927 and thoroughly established with the stories in Winner Take Nothing in 1933.Among his finest stories are“The Killers,“The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,and“The Snows of Kilimanjaro.At least in the public view,however,the novel A Farewell to Arms(1929)overshadowed such works.,“The Hemingway Code,Hemingways characters plainly embody his own values and view of life.The main characters of The Sun Also Rises,A Farewell to Arms,and For Whom the Bell Tolls are young men whose strength and self-confidence nevertheless coexist with a sensitivity that leaves them deeply scarred by their wartime experiences.War was for Hemingway a potent symbol of the world,which he viewed as complex,filled with moral ambiguities,and offering almost unavoidable pain,hurt,and destruction.To survive in such a world,and perhaps emerge victorious,one must conduct oneself with honour,courage,endurance,and dignity,a set of principles known as“the Hemingway code.To behave well in the lonely,losing battle with life is to show“grace under pressure and constitutes in itself a kind of victory,a theme clearly established in The Old Man and the Sea.,Writing Style,In striving to be as objective and honest as possible,Hemingway hit upon the device of describing a series of actions by using,short,simple sentences,from which all comment or emotional rhetoric has been eliminated.These sentences are composed largely of nouns and verbs,have few adjectives and adverbs,and rely on repetition and rhythm for much of their effect.The resulting terse,concentrated prose is,concrete and unemotional,yet is often resonant and capable of conveying great irony through understatement.Hemingway,s use of dialogue was,similarly fresh,simple,and natural-sounding,.The influence of this style was felt worldwide wherever novels were written,particularly from the 1930s through the,50s.,Modern reception,A consummately contradictory man,Hemingway achieved a fame surpassed by few,if any,American authors of the 20th century.The virile nature of his writing,which attempted to re-create the exact physical sensations he experienced in wartime,big-game hunting,and bullfighting,in fact masked an aesthetic sensibility of great delicacy.He was a celebrity long before he reached middle age,but his popularity continues to be validated by serious critical opinion.,Ernest Hemingway bibliography,Novels,(1926)The Torrents of Spring,(1926)The Sun Also Rises,(1929)A Farewell to Arms,(1937)To Have and Have Not,(1940)For Whom the Bell Tolls,(1950)Across the River and into the Trees,(1952)The Old Man and the Sea,(1970)Islands in the Stream,(1986)The Garden of Eden,Nonfiction,(1932)Death in the Afternoon,(1935)Green Hills of Africa,(1962)Hemingway,The Wild Years,(1964)A Moveable Feast,(1967)By-Line:Ernest Hemingway,(1970)Ernest Hemingway:Cub Reporter,(1985)The Dangerous Summer,(1985)Dateline:Toronto,(1999)True at First Light,(2005)Under Kilimanjaro,The Snows of Kilimanjaro,This short story-written in 1938-reflects several of Hemingways personal concerns during the 1930s regarding his existence as a writer and his life in general.Hemingway remarked in Green Hills that politics,women,drink,money and ambition damage American writers.His fear that his own acquaintances with rich people might harm his integrity as a writer becomes evident in this story.The text in italics also reveals Hemingways fear of leaving his own work of life unfinished.,In broader terms,The Snows of Kilimanjaro should be viewed as an example of an author of the Lost Generation,who experienced the world wars and the war in Spain,which led them to question moral and philosophy.Hemingway,in particular,found himself in a moral vacuum when he felt alienated from the church,which was closely affiliated with Franco in Spain,and which he felt obliged to distance himself from.As a result,he came up with his own code of human conduct:a mixture of hedonism and sentimental humanism.,Analysis of“The Snows of Kilimanjaro,Summary,Theme,Characters,Symbols,Style,Modernism,Summary,As the story opens,the speaker,later identified as Harry,is proclaiming that s