商务翻译（汉译英） Unit 14 来自的管理人员

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,Unit 14来自国外的管理人员,?商务英语翻译?汉译英,【Translation】,中国公司雇用的来自西方和在西方受过培训的管理人员越来越多，而且这些管理人员的职位也越来越高。,中国从中获得的好处显而易见。中国缺少中层管理人员，主要是因为文化大革命剥夺了这个国家的最优秀的一代人才接受教育的权利。外国管理人员或具有在外国公司工作经验的管理人员，能帮助中国公司翻开国外市场。他们把技能和现代商业惯例带到中国，帮助中国公司与跨国公司和国内对手展开竞争。他们的加盟还能给公司的董事会增加荣耀，提高公司在国际投资者心目中的形象。,尽管希望获得西方的专业知识，但在雇用外国管理人员方面，很多中国公司仍持保存态度。中国公司担忧，外国人会搅乱公司风气，他们直来直去，甚至会与董事长发生矛盾但愿不要这样。收入丰厚的外国人可能还会引起当地职员的嫉妒。,Chinese companies are hiring more and more western and western-trained executivesand at an increasingly senior level.,What the Chinese gain is clear enough.China is short of middle managers,mainly because the Cultural Revolution denied education to a generation of the countrys best talent.Foreign executives,or those with experience at foreign firms,can help Chinese companies crack overseas markets.At home,they bring technological skills and modern business practices,which help Chinese firms compete with multinationals and domestic rivals.Their presence also adds shine to a companys board of directors,and can lift its credibility with international investors,perhaps ahead of a stock market flotation.,And despite their appetite for western expertise,local firms have reservations too.They worry that waiguoren,meaning outsiders,will upset their corporate culture,be too direct,or evenheaven forbidcontradict the chairman.Richly paid foreigners can also cause jealousy among locals.,【Version for Reference】,【Tips for Translation】,翻译“八戒,由于历史和文化上的差异，汉英词语之间存在着或显或隐的翻译上的陷阱，导致汉译英远比英译汉易于出错。用鲁迅的话说，就是“词典不离手，冷汗不离身。这提醒译者必须对这些差异心中有数，然后再调和这些差异，“摆平这些差异。为此，要迈好下面八道坎儿，时刻要留心这八条“戒律只想为你擦亮满天星光，以免在熟路上“迷失方向。,一戒“从一而终,汉语言简意赅，句子灵活，往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语词汇，具体到在本句中应该采用那个意项，务必抓住精神实质，不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了。比方：都是“问题，下面的翻译各不相同，几乎是打一枪换一个地方。,共同关心的问题 questions of common interest,解决问题 solve a problem,问题的关键 the heart of the matter,关键问题 a key problem,原那么问题 a question/matter of principle,悬而未决的问题 an outstanding issue,没有什么问题 Without any mishap,摩托车有点问题。Something is wrong with the motorcycle.,问题不在这里。That is not the point.,最近揭发出相当严重的贪污、受贿和官僚主义问题。Serious cases of embezzlement,bribery,and bureaucracy have been brought to light recently.,译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术，翻译家应是不同“文化王国边境线上的“游击战略家。,沙博里将?水浒传?译为：Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)。杨宪益译将屈原的?国殇?译为：For Those Fallen for Their Country，北外出版社将?儒林外史?译为：The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。,二戒 望文生义，机械直译,这多半是初学者犯的毛病，他们易于被外表现象所迷惑，做出令人啼笑皆非的事情。,黄牛yellow cowox前误后正，下同黄鹂yellow bird oriole,从小青梅竹马(green plum bamboo horsegrew up together),黄瓜(yellow meloncucumber)紫菜purple vegetable laver,白菜(white vegetable Chinese cabbage),红木(red woodpad auk)红豆杉(red firChinese yew),黑社会(black society sinister gang),三戒 “水土不服，搭配失当,这确实是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车。,白洋淀的导游牌上，“红菱被硬硬地翻译成Red Ling。菱角有对应词的，应改为Red Water Chestnut。这里常常有外国人参观，如此翻译，令人汗颜！,下面的译文就较好地照顾到了西方人的思维和理解习惯：,美国把贸易和人权扯在一起，只会损害两国的经济利益。,The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.,关起门来搞建设是不成的，中国的开展离不开世界。,China cant develop in isolation from the rest of the world.,四戒 主语暗淡,主语是句子的灵魂，定住译文的主语的是关键的一步棋。主语定偏了，整个句子将显得松散乏力，甚至会误导读者：,如果这个问题不解决，势必影响两国的利益。,Failure to settle this issue is bound impair the relations between the two countries seriously.,If the problem is not solved,it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries,在上面的两种译文中，显然第一种译文主语选得好，句子流畅。,共同的利益把我们两个伟大的国家连接在一起。,What holds our two great nations together is the cement of common interests.,此句主语局部处理得颇为干练。,厨房里少了一条鱼，主人发誓要一查到底，揪出偷鱼的贼。,Finding a fish in kitchen was lost,the host swore to find out the thief who stole the fish.,尽管汉语中似乎有“厨房“主人两个主语，译者果断地选定了the host作主语。打点清晰，增强了句子的内聚力。,夏威夷的沙滩上，椰影婆娑，海风习习，一妙龄女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上养神。,On the Hawaiian sandy beach,the coconut palms are whirling,the congenial sea breeze is blowing,and a young lady is lying in the white plastics chair resting to restore energy.,因为是轻松读本，又是描述性的文字，使用三个主语the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。,五戒 结构单调，组合生硬,由于汉英结构不同，表达方式迥异，“硬性翻译不仅读起来别扭，而且会闹出笑话。这就要求译者在翻译时灵活使用整合的技巧，将句子整合，凸显汉语中所隐含的层次，补充所缺失的成分。有时要将简单句译成并列句，有时将并列句译成主从句。,在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时，我突然问起原来的班主任：“我个子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？,At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university,I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:Since I am not of short stature,how did you arrange me at the first row?,一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴，秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。,When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.,黑体字局部，正是契合了英语的表达习惯。,六戒 盲目“愚忠，不谙增减之道,我们耳熟能详的东西外国人可能会感到一头雾水，译者需要增加必要的说明和补充或者减译。否那么，外国人会不知所云。毕竟，汉译英最终是给外国人看的。,例如：风水 fengshuithe location of a house or tomb,supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.,美国对台“三不政策,会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。,One day I shall climb,Clear to the summit,See how small surrounding,Mountain tops appear as they lie below me,新西兰人路易艾黎译?杜甫望岳?,七戒 语句重复、语义重叠,汉语多重复，以强化语气；英语那么要尽量防止重复。,阿凡提借了财主一锭金子，还他时给了他两锭。,Afanty borrowed a small ingot of gold from a moneybags,but repaid him two ones.选自艾临?幽默新大陆?,又斗争，又团结，以斗争的手段，达团结之目的。,Unity,stru