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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2022/1/8,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2022/1/8,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2022/1/8,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2022/1/8,#,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第1页,提 纲,一、发病机制及其药品治疗靶点,二、,A,、,B,期治疗,三、,C,期心力衰竭血流动力学稳定阶段治疗,四、,C,期心力衰竭血流动力学恶化阶段治疗,五,D,期心力衰竭治疗,六、,ESC,指南与,FACC/AHA,指南药品治疗流程比较,七、,射血分数保留性心力衰竭,(HFpEF),当前缺乏针对性治疗,八,、,ESC,、,-6-5 FACC/AHA,心力衰竭治疗指南亮点,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第2页,一、发病机制及其药品治疗靶点,1,、神经内分泌紊乱学说,2,、负荷心肌病学说,3,、血流动力学学说,4,、心肌收缩不协调,5,、心律失常(心动过速,起搏心肌病),6,、肾功效不全、水钠潴留,7,、,EF,值保持心力衰竭(,HFpEF,),心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第3页,1,、内分泌紊乱学说,(,1,)、神经内分泌因子及细胞因子过分激活,-,拮抗,1,),RASS系统,ACEI,、,ARB,2,)交感神经儿茶酚胺系统,-,受体阻滞剂,3,)醛固酮系统,醛固酮拮抗剂、醛固酮受体拮抗剂,4,)抗利尿激素,抗利尿激素受体拮抗剂,5,)利尿剂,(,2,)、补充神经内分泌因子之不足?,1,),r-BNP,急性血流动力学紊乱,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第4页,2,、负荷心肌病学说,(,1,)、器官水平心脏重建,当前还未发觉特异性治疗靶点,拮抗拮抗过分激活神经内分泌因子都能够改进心脏重建;,(,2,)、细胞水平能量饥饿,1,)当前尚无改进心肌能量代谢药品循证医学试验,2,)中医中药,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第5页,3,、血流动力学学说,(,1,)收缩力下降,-,强心药品:,1,)毛地黄,2,)增加,cAMP,类药品,3,)钙离子 增敏剂(左西孟旦),(,2,)外周阻力增加,-,扩张血管,1,),NO,供给药品,2,),a-,受体阻滞剂,3,)其它:肼苯哒嗪、,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第6页,4,、心肌收缩不协调,当前尚无治疗药品,主要是器械治疗,CRT,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第7页,5,、心律失常,心动过速,起搏心肌病,-,减慢心率,(,1,),-,受体阻滞剂,(,2,)毛地黄,(,3,)依伐布雷定(,Ivabradine,),心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第8页,6,、肾功效不全、水钠潴留,(,1,)利尿剂治疗,(,2,)血液滤过治疗,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第9页,七、,EF,值保持心力衰竭(,HFpEF,),机制还未明确,治疗靶点不明,探索之中,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第10页,二、,A,、,B,期治疗,A,期治疗:心力衰竭危险原因治疗,B,期治疗:心力衰竭危险原因治疗,+,拮抗,RAS,和,-,受体阻滞剂治疗,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第11页,三、,C,期慢性心力衰竭血流动力学相对稳定阶段治疗,(,1,)、,基础治疗药品:,对,HFrEF,血流动力学相对稳定阶段,而言,,利尿药、,血管担心素转换酶抑制剂,(ACEI)、,血管担心素受体阻断剂,(ARB)、,-受体阻滞剂,(Beta Blockers),和地高辛依然是其基础治疗药品。,作为基础治疗药品新增加了,醛固酮拮抗剂、醛固酮受体拮抗剂、肼苯酞嗪适用硝酸异山梨醇酯,,这三组药品可成为心力衰竭药品治疗有益补充。,在无禁忌症情况下,提倡补充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治疗,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,),可降低死亡率。,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第12页,(,2,)其它药品治疗评价,1,)抗凝血治疗适合用于心力衰竭伴各种心房颤动;,2,)抗凝不作为常规治疗办法,包含有高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、一过性脑缺血发作病史者。,3,)无适应症时禁止使用他汀(,statin,)。,4,)有待证实治疗,HFrEF,心力衰竭效果药品包含:营养药品和激素。,5,)对,HFrEF,心力衰竭有害药品包含:(,I,类)抗心律失常药品、大多数钙拮抗剂(,amlodipine,除外)、非甾体抗炎药、噻唑烷二酮类等。,6,)除终末期心力衰竭外,不主张静脉应用(非毛地黄类)正性肌力药品。,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第13页,(,3.1,)补充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治疗,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,)证据争论,The small treatment effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)in the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nellInfarto miocardico-heart failure(GISSI-HF)trial was only detected after covariate adjustment in the statistical analysis andthere was no effect on HF hospitalization.117 The effect of n-3PUFAs after myocardial infarction is uncertain.,(GISSI-HF)trial,证实仅仅在现变量校正后显示补充,-3,脂肪酸:,1,)对心力衰竭有轻度治疗作用;,2,)对心力衰竭住院无影响;,3,)对心肌梗塞影响尚不能确定。,ESC Heart Failure Guideline,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第14页,ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guideline,Class IIa,Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)supplementation is reasonable to use as adjunctive therapy in patients with NYHA class II-IV symptoms and HF,r,EF or HF,p,EF,unless contraindicated,to reduce mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations(539,540).(,Level of Evidence B,),Supplementation with omega-3 PUFA has been evaluated as an adjunctive therapy for cardiovascular diseaseand HF(541).Trials in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease showed that omega-3 PUFAsupplementation results in a 10%to 20%risk reduction in fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events,在无禁忌症情况下,提倡补充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治疗,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,),可降低死亡率。,补充,-3,脂肪酸,能够使得心血管病事件降低,10%-20%,。,(,3.2,)补充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治疗,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,)证据争论,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第15页,(,4.1,)关于,digoxin,应用,In patients with symptomatic HF and AF,digoxin may be used to slow a rapid ventricular rate,although other treatments are preferred(see Section 10.1).Digoxin may also be used in patients in sinus rhythm with symptomatic HF and an LVEF 40%as recommended below,based on the evidence summarized below.113,Digoxin,可用于有症状心力衰竭伴心房颤动,亦可用于有症状窦性心律心力衰竭,,EF,小于,40%,者。,ESC Heart Failure Guideline,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第16页,Digoxin can be beneficial in patients with HF,r,EF,unless contraindicated,to decrease hospitalizations for HF(484-491).(,Level of Evidence:B,),对于,HF,r,EF,,除有禁忌症外,应用,Digoxin,有利于降低患者住院率。,(,4.2,)关于,digoxin,应用,ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guideline,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第17页,(,5.1,)关于醛固酮受体拮抗剂(,MRA,)与,ACEI,、,ARB,联适用药争论,The major risk associated with use of aldosterone receptor antagonists is hyperkalemia due to inhibition of potassium excretion,ranging from 2%to 5%in large clinical trials(425,426,446),to 24%to 36%in population-based registries(479,480).Routine triple combination of an ACE inhibitor,ARB,and aldosteronereceptor antagonist should be avoided.,To minimize the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia in euvolemic patients with HFrEF,patients should have initial serum creatinine 30 mL/min/1.73 m2)without recent worsening and serum potassium 5.0 mEq/L without a history of severe hyperkalemia.,ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guideline,醛固酮受体拮抗剂最大危险是高血钾;,几个大临床试验发生率为,2%-5%,;,注册人群发生率为,24%-36%,;,应该防止,ACEI,、,ARB,和醛固酮受体拮抗剂三联应用;,适应症:,血钾,5.0 mEq/L,而且无高血钾病史,,serum creatinine 30 mL/min/1.73 m2,。,心力衰竭药物治疗进展,第18页,ACEI,与,MRA,联用:临床研究证实,二者联合可深入降低慢性心衰患者死亡率,(,类,,A,级,),,又较为安全。在上述,ACEI,和,受体阻滞剂黄金搭档基础上加用,MRA,,这种三药适用可称之为,“金三角”,,应成为慢性,HF-REF,基础治疗方案。,(,5.2
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