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,Klicken Sie,um das Format des Titel-Masters zu bearbeiten.,Klicken Sie,um die Textformatierung des Masters zu bearbeiten.,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,2004 DEHN+SHNE,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principles ofExplosion Protection,防爆基本原则,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection,防爆基本原则,These three conditions must exist:,爆炸发生的三个必要条件,:,爆炸物,点火源,氧气,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection,防爆基本原则,空气浓度,可燃物在空气中的浓度,浓度太低,浓度太高,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection,防爆基本原则,爆炸下限浓度,爆炸上限浓度,物质名称,乙炔,乙烯,汽油,苯,天然气,燃用油,/,柴油,甲烷,丙烷,二硫化碳,民用燃气,氢,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection,防爆基本原则,1.,避免产生爆炸环境,2.,防止在爆炸环境出现点火源,3.,限制爆炸造成的危害,整体防暴措施,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Avoiding of explosive atmoshere,避免爆炸环境产生,1,可采取以下措施,:,避免易燃物质（替代技术）,/,惰性化（充氮，二氧化碳等）,/,限制浓度,/,自然或人工通风,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Prevention of the ignition of an explosive atmoshere,防止爆炸环境出现点火源,2,如果不能够通过基本的防爆措施完全或者部分避免爆炸环境的存在，那就需要采取措施防止点火源在爆炸环境中产生。因此根据爆炸环境存在概率，将危险区域进行划分。,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Zone 0,Zone 1,Zone 2,2,Principle of Protection Zones,防护区划分,Gases,Dust,Vapours,气体,粉尘,蒸汽,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Constructional Requirements for Explosion Protected Electrical Apparatus,防爆电器的应用要求,气体,蒸汽,雾,粉尘,爆炸环境存在频率,连续 长时间经常,偶尔,不常 短时间,G,代表气体,D,代表粉尘,Training Ex-Basics 2008,2,Example of Protection Zones,防护区划分示例,Gases,Dust,Vapours,气体,粉尘,蒸汽,Zone 2,Zone 1,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Zone 0,Zone 2,Zone 1,Zone 0,2,Example of Protection Zones,防护区划分示例,Gases,Dust,Vapours,气体,粉尘,蒸汽,Training Ex-Basics 2008,New marking acc.ATEX,新,ATEX,认证标识,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Marking acc.ATEXATEX,认证标识,EQUIPMENT-GROUP I,(Mining),Sufficient Safety,Category M1,very high level of protection,By means of 2 protective,measures/2 faults,Category M2,High level of protection,The equipment is intended,to be denergized in the event of an,explosive atmosphere,设备,组别,I,(,采矿业,),非常高的防护等级,高防护等级,类别,M1,类别,M2,确保安全,通过,2,个保护措施,/,2,故障点,在爆炸环境下,该类设备禁止通电工作,Training Ex-Basics 2008,EQUIPMENT-GROUP II,(other explosive atmosphere),Sufficient Safety,Can be used in,Atmosphere,G=Gas,D=Dust,Category 1*,very high,level of,protection,By means of 2 protective,measures/faults,Zone 0,Zone 20,G,D,Zone 1,Zone 21,Zone 2,Zone 22,Category 2*,high level of protection,G,D,G,D,Frequently occuring,equip,-,ment faults/1 fault,During normal operation,Category 3*,normal levelof protection,*II(1)G=associated electrical apparatus-installation in the safe area,Marking acc.ATEXATEX,认证标识,非常高防护水平,高防护水平,一般防护水平,确保安全,通过,2,个防护措施,/,故障,时常发生设备故障,/,1,故障点,正常运行状态,可用于,环境,G=,气体,D=,粉尘,Training Ex-Basics 2008,According to European Standard,E,Explosion Protection Equipment,Ex,Marking acc.ATEXATEX,认证标识,根据欧洲标准,防爆设备,Training Ex-Basics 2008,TYPES OF PROTECTION,Type of protection,Main application,Standard,Measures to reduce the probaility of spark formation and increased temperature.There must be no ignition source present in normal operation.Use in connection systems(motors).,EN 50 019,IEC 60 079-7,FM 3600,UL 2279,Increased safety,e,Flameproof,enclosure,Switchgear and control gear an indicating,equipment,control system,motors,transformers,hesting equipment,light fittings,EN 50 018,IEC 60 079-1,FM 3600,UL 2279,d,Pressurized,apparatus,Switchgear and control cabintes,analysers,large motors,EN 50 018,IEC 60 079-1,FM 3620,NFPA 496,p,Marking acc.ATEXATEX,认证标识,防护类型,增安型,隔爆型,正压型,主要应用,以降低火花以及温升产生的几率。在正常运转时，严禁产生点火源。用于连接系统（电机）。,开关设备和控制设备的显示设备，控制系统，电动机，变压器，有温升设备，照明装置,开关柜和控制柜，分析仪，大型电机,标准,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Types of Protection,防护类型,防护类型,只有防暴设备可以用于危险区域，尽管有基本的防暴措施，但是爆炸环境还是会存在。,根据,EN,50,014,（,DIN,VDE,0170/0171,第一章）一系列标准建筑法规，防暴电器设备会有 很多的防护类型。制造商可以根据仪器的类型和功能选择不同的保护形式。从安全的角度来看，所有的标准防护形式都是等效的。但是这里说明下，,n,型防护模式只能使用在,Zone,2,区域。,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Transformers starting resitors,EN 50 015,IEC 60 079-6,FM 3600,UL 2279,Oil immersion,o,Sand enclosure,Transformers,capacitors,terminal boxes for,heating conductors,EN 50 017,IEC 60 079-5,FM 3600,UL 2279,q,Cast enclosure,Switchgear for low power,control and signalling,units,display units,sensors,EN 50 028,IEC 60 079-18,FM 3600,UL 2279,m,Intrinsic safety,Instrumentation technology,communication,technology,sensors,acutators,EN 50 020,IEC 60 079-11,FM 3610,UL 2279,I*,Type of protection n,All electrical apparatus for Zone 2,lightning equipment,less suitable for switchgear and control gear,EN 50 021,IEC 60 079-15,n,Marking acc.ATEXATEX,认证标识,本安型,充油型,充砂型,浇封型,N,型,变压器起动电阻,互感器，电容器，加热导体防护壳,低功耗设备开关器件,控制和指令单元,显示单元,传感器,仪器仪表和通信技术，传感器，驱动器,所有,2,区电气设备,照明设备,不适合开关和控制设备,Training Ex-Basics 2008,EXPLOSION GROUPS,ACCORDING CENELEC,IEC,NEC 505,Explosion group,I,II A,II B,II C,Typical gas,Methane,Propane,Ethylene,Hydrogen,爆炸等级组别,-,依据,CENELEC,IEC,NEC 505,爆炸等级组号,典型气体,甲烷,丙烷,乙烯,氢,Marking acc.ATEXATEX,认证标识,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Classification of Gases an Vapours into,EXPLOSION GROUPS,and,TEMPERATURE CLASSES,I,Methane,II A,Acetone,Ethane,Ammonia,Benzol(pure),Acetic acid,Methane,(natural gas),Methanol,Propane,Toluene,II B,Coal gas(lightning gas),煤气,II C,Hydrogen,Ethanol,i-Amyl acetate,n-B
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