科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧,词义的选择,英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。,一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意思。,一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。,根据词类选择词义,An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which,rounds,about the nucleus of an atom.,电子是绕着原子核转动带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）,The earth goes,round,the sun.,地球环绕太阳运行。（介词）,Round,surface reflector is a key unit for the solar energy device.,弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。（形容词）,The tree measures forty inches,round,.,这棵树树围40英寸。（副词）,This is the whole,round,of knowledge.,这就是全部的知识范围。（名词）,Like,charges repel,unlike charges attract.,同性,电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。（形容词）,In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining,like,gold.,在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃,象,金子一般在闪闪发亮。（介词）,It is the atoms that make up iron,water,oxygen and the,like,.,正是原子构成了铁、水、氧,等类物质,。（名词）,He,likes,making experiments in chemistry.,他,喜欢,做化学实验。（动词）,Waves in water move,like,the waveform moves along a rope.,波在水中移动就,象,波形沿着绳子移动一样。（连词）,Plastics was at first,based,on coal and wood.,最初塑料是从煤和木材中提取的。（动词）,As we all know,a,base,reacts with an acid to form a salt.,众所周知，碱与酸起反应变成盐。（名词）,Iron and brass are,base,metals.,铁和黄铜为非贵重金属。（形容词）,We have now accumulated a considerable,body,of knowledge about electronics.,目前，我们在电子学方面已经积累了,大量,知识。（名词）,They are in desperate need of this kind of,bodied,oil.,他们非常需要这种,聚合,油。（过去分词）,Imagination,bodies,forth the forms of things unknown.,想象力能使未知事物的形象,呈现,出来。（动词）,根据上下文选择词义,Our,work,today is to work out the design.,我们今天的,工作,是把设计做出来。,To move something is to do,work,.,移动物体就是作,功,。,We like his,works,very much.,我们非常喜欢他的,著作,。,The building of these giant iron and steel,works,will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country.,这些大型钢铁,厂,的建立会大大地加速我国钢铁工业的发展。,The,works,of these watches and clocks are all home-produced.,这些钟表里的,机件,全部都是国产的。,We should point out,，,however,，,that a11 electrical systems are not,conservative,然而，应该指出并非所有电的系统都是,守恒系统,。,I f you push hard against something and move it,，,you have done,work,如果用力推一件东西而移动了，就作了,功,。,Before it begins to,work,，,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature,酵母在,发酵,之前，易受温度变化的影响而产生分解。,The volume varies,as,the temperature increases,体积,随,着温度增加而变化。,As,cotton is liable to absorb moisture,，,the insulation will be adversely affected,因为,棉花容易吸收水分，其绝缘性能会受到不利影响。,Small,as,atoms are,，,electrons are still smaller,原子,虽然,小，但电子更小。,Electrons move round the nucleus just,as,planets move round the sun,电子绕原子核转动，,就像,行星绕太阳运行一样。,根据学科专业选择词义,The electronic microscope possesses very high resolving,power,compared with the optical microscope.,与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨,率,Power,can be transmitted over a long distance.,电力,可以输送到很远的地方。,The fourth,power,of three is eighty-one.,3的4,次方,是81。,The combining,power,of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element.,化合物中一种元素的化合,价,必须等于另一元素的化合价。,Explosive technological development after 1940 gave the medical profession enormous,power,to fight disease and sickness.,1940年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的,能力,。,Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating,power,or warmed up time.,半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热,功率,和加热时间。,A car needs a lot of,power,to go fast.,汽车高速行驶需要很大,动力,。,Streams and waterfall are suitable for the development of hydroelectric,power,.,溪流和瀑布适合用于开发水电,能源,。,What is meant by,“power,”?By“,power,”,we mean the rate of doing work,功率,是什么,?,所谓,功率,，我们指的是做功的速率。,(,机械学,),Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by,power interruptions,that last less than two hours,在,停电,两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。,(,电学,),The third,power,of 3 is 27,。,3,的三次方,(,幂,),是,27,。,(,数学,),This is a 2 0,power,binocular microscope,这是一架,20,倍,双目显微镜。,(,光学,),Aluminum has a combining,power,of three,铝的,化合价,是三。,(,化学,),It is beyond the,power,of medicine to cure him,他的病非,药力,所能治愈。,(,医学,),The nucleus is the information center of the,cell,.,细胞核是,细胞,的信息中枢。,He was imprisoned in a,cell,.,他被关在监狱的,单人小牢房,中。,In the center of the spacious workshop stood a,cell,with packets of block anodes.,在宽敞的车间中央有一个装有一组组阳极板的,电解槽,。,When the ends of a copper wire are joined to a device called an electric,cell,a steady stream of electricity flows through the wire.,当把一根铜丝的两端连接到一种叫做,电池,的电器上时，就会有稳定的电流流过该铜丝。,The lathe should be set on a firm,base,车床应安装在坚实的,底座,上。,(,机械,),As we all know,，,a,base,reacts with an acid to form a salt,众所周知，,碱,与酸反应生成盐。,(,化学,),A transistor has three electrodes,，,the emitter,，,the,base,and the collector,晶体管有三个电极，即发射极，,基极,和集电极。,(,电子,),Line AB is the,base,of the triangle ABC,AB,线是三角形,ABC,的,底边,。,(,几何,),A,base,of logarithms must be a positive number,，,not equal to One,对数的,底数,必须是一个不为,1,的正数。,(,数学,),He is on the second,base,他在二,垒,。,(,体育,),试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义：,Aluminum is,light,and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry.,Like,charges repel,while unlike charges attract.,It is the atoms that make up iron,water,oxygen and the,like,.,A magnetic field is build up,round,the coil.,Small,as,atoms are,electrons are still smaller.,Key:,铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。,同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。,正是原子构