商务翻译（汉译英） Unit 13 疯狂还是无奈？

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 13,疯狂还是无奈？,?商务英语翻译?汉译英,【Translation】,上周六，重庆一家“家乐福超市发生踩踏事故，造成3人死亡，31人受伤。这一事故发生后，有关部门立即下发通知，禁止各零售企业开展限时促销活动。商务部于本周一在其网站上发布通知，要求各地相关部门对本地区零售企业的平安防范措施进行全面检查，以防止此类事件再度发生。?通知?要求，“各零售企业不得组织容易造成交通拥堵、人身伤害和秩序混乱的限时促销活动，以消除平安隐患。上周六，重庆“家乐福超市开展十周年店庆促销活动，排队抢购的顾客蜂拥而入，造成了踩踏事故的发生。?中国日报?援引一位顾客的话说：“我与四个人一起冲向食用油货架，抢到了四桶。在该家乐福超市的此次促销活动中，原价每桶51.4元的5升装食用油只卖39.9元。为了买到特价油，有些人从凌晨四点就开始排队。据?中国日报?称，在此次踩踏事故中受伤的31人目前“恢复状况良好。该家乐福超市现已停业，当地相关部门已开始进行事故调查。,Crazy or Compelled,China has banned time-limited sales promotions in retail outlets following a stampede at a Carrefour supermarket in southwestern Chongqing Municipality that killed three and injured 31 on Saturday,according to a government circular.,The Ministry of Commerce ordered local authorities across China to overhaul safety requirements in shops to prevent similar occurrences,said a statement dated Monday on its website.,In order to eliminate safety concerns,companies are required not to organize time-limited sales promotions which may lead to traffic congestion,bodily harm and disorderly conduct,it said.,In the Saturday stampede,victims were crushed as bargain-hunters rushed to get into the French supermarket for a tenth anniversary sale.,【Version for Reference】,I rushed to the oil shelf with other people and grabbed four bottles,the official China Daily quoted one shopper as saying.,Some people had begun to queue at 4 am(local time)for the five-liter oil bottles,which had been discounted by 11.5 Yuan from their usual price of 51.4 Yuan.,The stampede injured 31 people who were recovering well,the paper said.,Local officials have closed the store and began an investigation.,【Tips for Translation】,衔接的问题,衔接是篇章研究中常用的一个概念，一般认为，所有能将篇章中各表层语言成分联系在一起的语言关系都可以称为衔接。包括句子成分之间的依存关系等其他语言关系，按照Halliday 的观点，可以将衔接分为两类：语法和词汇衔接，其中前者又包括照应、省略、替代和连接语四种语法手段。翻译时，我们要从单语语篇研究转为双语语篇比照研究，从而根据双语转换的实际情况进行调整，以使译文符合译语语篇的表达习惯。,英语和汉语这两种语言在语法衔接方面的差异主要表达为，英语的语法衔接具有明显的特征，而汉语的语法衔接那么接近于隐性。英语的显性衔接主要借助于形态变化和形式词，明显地标明词之间、词语之间、短语之间或小句之间的语法关系。而汉语在构建句子时，更加关注的是隐性衔接，以意统形，少用甚至不用形式手段，靠词语与句子本身意义上的连贯与逻辑顺序实现衔接。虽然两种语言在语法衔接手段上，都用语法手段，但各自所采用的具体方式却有不同。,英语和汉语在词汇衔接方面虽然有很多相似之处，能够对应照译，但很多时候也存在着不一致的地方。尤其是在指称照应方面，不同之处似乎更多一些，主要表达在人称指称和指示指称上。英语的人称指称在汉语语篇中常表现为词汇连接，也就是说常被复原为名词，清楚明白地表达出来。而汉语的人称指称，如“自己，包括“我自己,“你自己“,他自己等，可以单独用来照应衔接语篇，而英语的myself,yourself,himself 等反身代词那么须与相应的人称代词连用，或加上介词，或只用人称代词、物主代词。汉语要用人称衔接的地方，英语常借助主述位关系连接成篇。此外，汉语由于简略，有时使人际关系模糊，而相应的英语那么须加上所缺的人称指称，以使指称关系明确。,在篇章方面，译者必须注意两种语言在篇章组织结构上的异同。比方，汉语主题显著，而英语主语显著。在汉语篇章中，如果主题十清楚确的话，并不一定要在形式上表达出来，或者说可以采用零代词的照应方式。而在相应的英语篇章中，我们那么需要重复使用一些代词来充当句子的主语。下面通过一些例句来加以说明：,男孩哭得心都快碎了，当问及他时，他说饿极了，两天没吃东西了。,The boy who was crying as if his heart would break,said,when I spoke to him,that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.,为了表达英语多用连接词表示句际关系的特点,符合英语的形合特征,译文使用了who,as if,when,that,because 等多个连接成分来理顺上下句的语义关系,使汉语的隐性粘连显形化,从而满足英语的行文要求。尽管这种节外生枝,叠床架屋的构建方式比较繁琐,但作为英语的语篇构建原那么译者是必须遵守的。,昨奉大函，诵悉一是。尊稿极佳，唯篇幅甚长，本志地位有限，故不克刊登，良用歉然。,I received your letter yesterday.Your article is very good,but I am sorry that owing to pressure of space,I find it too long to be published.,源语中没有一个代词，属于汉语中典型的“意合照应方式。但是，为了符合英文的“形合粘连原那么，译文用了三个I，两个your 和一个it。增补六个代词是完全必要的。,老师们开了一个活泼的讨论会，他们讨论得很热烈。几乎没有听到不同的意见，最后大家都同意了这个方案。,译一：There was a lively debate among the staff.There was enthusiasm for the idea.There was hardly a dissenting voice.There was full agreement on the subject in the end.,译二：After a lively debate on the subject,all the workers came to agreement without even a dissenting voice at last.,下午，我到图书馆，借出一本书。然后，回家吃饭。吃饭后，我把书翻开，我十分烦恼，原来这本书不是我要借的书。我就是这号人：拿出一本书不看就走。我不能怪别人，只能怪自己。,译一：I went to the library in the afternoon.I took out a book.Then I put the book under my arm.I went home to eat supper.I opened the book after supper.Then I discovered that it was not the book I wanted.I was greatly annoyed.I was such a kind of man:I always take a book while I do not look at it.I had nobody to blame but myself.,译二：In the afternoon,after borrowing a book from the library,I went back home for supper.What depressed me was that I didnt find that it was the wrong book until after supper.That is what I am like:I take a book and run away without even a glance on it.There is nobody else to blame but myself.,5.9月10日是教师节。教师在人们的心目中究竟是什么样子呢？清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了76位路人。采访发现，83%的人认为老师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民族文化素质的决定因素，值得尊敬。,译一：Sept.10 is Teachers Day.What is the image of teachers in peoples heart?Little reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University walked out of their school gate and interviewed 76 passersby.The interview shows that 83%people think that teachers shoulder the important task of educating the next generation,they are the decisive factor of improving the whole peoples cultural level,and they are worth of being respected.,译二：Whats the teachers image?On Teachers Day,Sept.10,a group of teenage reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University took a poll on the street on seventy six passersby.Eighty six of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they a