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专项十一 名词性从句,一、定义,在复合句中起名词作用句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句功效相称于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不同语法功效，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(the Subject Clause)、宾语从句(the Object Clause)、表语从句(the Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(the Appositive Clause)。,二、引导名词性从句连接词,引导名词性从句连接词可分为三类：,1.从属连词：that,whether/if,as if,2.连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose,3.连接副词：when,where,why,how,第1页,第1页,详细使用办法见下表：,引导词,使用办法,例句,从,属,连,词,that,无词义，在从句中不担任句子成份，有时可省略。,主语从句,It is important that we should learn English well.,宾语从句,He told us(that)he felt ill.,The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,表语从句,The fact is that we have lost the game.,同位语从句,The news that we won the game is exciting.,第2页,第2页,whether/,if,as if,if/whether,as if虽有词义，但在从句中不作句子成份。,主语从句,Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.,宾语从句,Attitude determines whether/if people are successful and able to enjoy life.,Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,表语从句,It looks as if it is going to rain.,同位语从句,He was tortured(折磨)by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.,第3页,第3页,连,接,代,词,what,which,who,whom,whose,有词义，在从句中作成份，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。,主语从句,Who will win the match is still unknown.,宾语从句,She wondered what he had done.,表语从句,Thats just what I want.,同位语从句,The question who should do the work requires consideration.,连,接,副,词,when,where,why,how,有词义，在从句中作成份，起状语作用。,主语从句,When the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,宾语从句,Tom wanted to know where the meeting would be held.,表语从句,That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,同位语从句,I have no idea when he will come back.,第4页,第4页,【考点一】考察名词性从句引导词,在高考单选题中，名词性从句连词选择往往是测试热点。考生若不认真分析，没有正确解题办法，经常造成判断上失误，最后错选了连词。,名词性从句引导词使用办法：,1.who意为“谁”，在从句中作主语。,2.whom意为“谁”，在从句中作宾语，但在口语中惯用who代替whom。,3.whoever(=anyone who)意为“但凡人”，它宾格形式是whomever（但在口语中惯用whoever代替 whomever）。,4.whose意为“谁”，在从句中作定语。,5.what(=the+n.+that)意为“什么”；whatever(=anything+that)意为“但凡物”。what 和whatever都可在从句中作主语、表语、宾语。,6.which意为“哪一个；哪些”；whichever意为“无论哪一个都”。which 和whichever都可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。,第5页,第5页,7.where意为“在哪儿”，在从句中作地点状语；when意为“什么时候”，在从句中作时间状语；how意为“如何”，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为何”,在从句中作原因状语。,8.whether意为“是否”，在从句中不充当任何语法成份;引导及物动词宾语从句时，可与if互换；引导介词宾语从句或引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，只用whether。,9.that无详细意思，在从句中也不充当任何语法成份，只起连接作用。,温馨提醒：我们不妨采用“一分二划三看”三步法对这种类型题目加以分析，然后做出正确选择。,“一分”即分清从句类型：,即分清从句是哪一个名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）,“二划”即划分出从句,“三看”即看从句句意是否完整：,1.句意不完整缺连接代词：指人时，用who,whoever（作主语）；whom,whomever（作宾语）;指物时，用what,whatever（作主语、宾语）；which,whichever（作主语、宾语）。,第6页,第6页,2.句意完整缺连接副词：指时间时，用when；指地点时，用where,wherever；指原因时，用why；指方式时，用how。,句意完整缺不作成份连词:有含义用if,whether（是否）；无含义用that。,【考点二】考察名词性从句语序问题,在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其它部分应用陈说语序。而考生们往往使用疑问语序，尤其是在以wh引导名词性从句中。克服这个问题关键是要找准从句主语。在试题设置上会通过宾语从句、表语从句语序来考察，尤其是一些与特殊疑问句相关宾语从句或表语从句。,I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.,Can you tell me whats the matter with him?,【即学即练】,单项填空,These shoes look very good.I wonder _.,how much cost they are B.how much do they cost,C.how much they cost D.how much are they cost,第7页,第7页,解析：选C。依据题干中及物动词wonder可知,how much引导宾语从句，而名词性从句要用陈说语序，故排除疑问语序B、D两项;A项能够改为how much they cost或how much they are worth。故选C项。,【考点三】考察宾语从句中否认转移,否认转移主要针对宾语从句。在宾语从句中，当谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表示“认为、相信、猜想”意义词，并且主语是第一人称，时态是普通现在时，形式上是否认主句谓语动词否认词，事实上否认是宾语从句。在反意疑问句中，其中附加问句要与从句保持一致，并且要把否认词转移到从句中去。,I dont believe he treated the child like that,did he?,【即学即练】,单项填空,Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus,_?,A.hadnt you B.wouldnt you C.arent I D.didnt she,解析：选B。题干中be sure同believe,并且句子主语是第一人,第8页,第8页,称，时态是普通现在时，因此附加问句（反意疑问句）与从句保持一致。,【考点四】考察形式主语、形式宾语,当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，经常将从句后置，而用it作形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。不能用this或that来代替it。,It is a pity that he cant attend the party.,We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.(that不能够省略),【即学即练】,单项填空,_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.,A.There B.This C.That D.It,解析：选D。分析题干可知，it作形式主语，代替真正主语 that从句。,I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.,A.it B.that C.this D.them,第9页,第9页,解析：选A。考察it作形式宾语。有些动词如:hate,love,appreciate等,其后习惯用it作形式宾语，再接宾语从句。,【考点五】考察名词性从句中虚拟语调利用,(1)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句都会涉及到虚拟语调，一些表示提议、要求、命令动词，如insist（坚持）/suggest（提议）/order（命令）/request（要求、请求）/require（要求）/recommend(提议)/urge(催促,力劝)等后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语调，即“should+do（动词原形）”，其中should能够省略。相应名词作主语跟表语从句，或相应名词跟同位语从句，也要用虚拟语调。但是假如有其它意义则例外，如suggest表示“暗示”时,所跟宾语从句就用陈说语调。,The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest.,It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.,My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasnt been accepted.,My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.,(2)主语从句中一些句型，如Its necessary/essential/strange/a,第10页,第10页,pity/a shame/no wonder；Its(high)time that.等句型中也惯用虚拟语调，构成形式也是“should+动词原形”。,is necessary that we should master a foreign language.,It is high time that the children should go to school.(should不能够省略),【即学即练】,单项填空,Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?,I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.,A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that,C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;w
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