句子成分和五种句子类型(全)课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Good morning,everyone!,Good morning,everyone!,1,句子成分和简单句的基本句型,句子成分和简单句的基本句型,2,什么是句子？,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须,大写,，结尾要有,？！,I am a teacher.,Are you a student?,How beautiful the girl is!,什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个,3,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（,subject,）、谓语（,predicate,）、表语（,predicative,）、宾语（,object,）、定语（,attribute,）、状语(,adverbial,)和补语（,complement,）。,按句子结构，句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语），句子成分都是由单词和短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单句最基本的类型有五种，其他各种句型都是由这五种句型变化而来的。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,句子包括哪些成分？,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状,4,句子成分的构成,句子的主要成分：,主语、谓语、宾语、表语,句子的次要成分：,定语、状语、补足语（同位语,、,插入语),句子成分的构成句子的主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次,5,1.主语,(,subject),1.主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体.,2.一般在,句首。,3.一般由,名词，代词,或相当于名词的词或短语(不定式，动名词或从句)充当。,1.We study in LianPing Middle School.,2.Our classroom is very clean.,3.To teach you English is my job.,4.Surfing,diving and swimming are all water sports.,5.Four plus four is eight.,6.What you said made me sad.,7.The young should respect the old.,8.It made me excited that dad bought me a computer.,代词,名词,不定式,动名词,数词,从句,the+adj.,it作形式主语,1.主语(subject)1.主语是句子所要说明的动作或状,6,2.谓语,(,verb,),1.表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。,2.必须由动词充当。,3.一般在主语后面，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。,谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。,(1)简单谓语：是由动词或动词词组组成的。,She always studies hard.,He often listens to music.,(2)复合谓语：是由“情态动词或助动词+动词构成.,He can speak English.,We have finished reading the book.,I did see her yesterday.,2.谓语(verb)1.表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。,7,3.表语,(,predicative),1.说明主语的身份或特征、属性、状态等。2.位于,在,系动词,后面。3.充当短语的可以使单词、短语或从句。,1.You look younger than before.,2.I am a teacher.,3.Jim is out.,4.Now they are at home.,5.Im not quite myself today.,6.He got lost in the forest.,7.His hobby is swimming.,8.My job is to teach you English.,9.The book is what I need.,形容词,名词,副词,介词短语,反身代词,过去分词,动名词,不定式,从句,3.表语(predicative)1.说明主语的身份或特,8,4.宾语,(,object),1.一个动作的承受者，表示动作的对象或结果。,2.用在,及物动词或介词,后面.,She is playing,the piano,.,He often helps,me,.,He likes,to sleep,in the open air.,He is addicted to,smoking.,We enjoy,living,in China.,3.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。,Please pass,me,the book,.,=,Please pass,the book,to,me,.,He bought,her,some flowers,.,=He bought,some flowers,for,her,.,4.宾语(o,9,I had bread and milk for breakfast this morning.,Where did you buy that?(名词,I need twenty works.数词,He always does the unexpected.名词化的形容词,Remember to tell him to come to the lecture.不定式,I enjoy reading foreign stories,especially,American ones.V-ing形式,We all believe that you are suitable for this work.从句,I had bread and milk for break,10,5.宾语补足语(object complement),放在宾语后面,对宾语进展补充说明,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。,I made my room beautiful.,I can see her dancing there.,He made himself known to them.,She asked me to lend her my bike.,Please make yourself at home.,Please keep the dog out.,We call her Miss Zhang.,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,不定式,介词短语,副词,名词,5.宾语补足语(object complement)放在宾,11,6.主语补足语(subject complement),对主语进展补充说明。,把以下句子改为被动语态:,1.We saw Tom dancing in his room.,Tom was seen dancing in his room.,2.They elected Jim monitor of their class.,Jim was elected monitor of their class.,3.We will make our country strong.,Our country will be made strong.,6.主语补足语(subject complement)对主,12,定语(,attribute),用来修饰,名词或代词,起类似于,形容词,的修饰作用.,1.You are a clever boy.,2.I want to tell you something important.,3.His father works in a shoe factory.,4.There are 66 students in our class.,5.Do you know bettys sister?,6.There is a sleeping baby in bed.,7.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.,8.We have nothing to do.,9.His spoken English is good.,10.The girl in red is his sister.,11.Do you know the man who stands there?,形容词,物主代词,数词,名词所有格,现在分词,过去分词,介词短语,形容词,现在分词短语,从句,不定式,名词,定语(attribute)用来修饰名词或代词,起类似于形容词,13,状语(,adverbial),1.修饰动词，形容词或副词,起类似于,副词,的作用,。,2.一般表示行为发生的,时间，地点，目的，方式，程度，结果，条件，让步和伴随,等意义。,1.He did it carefully.,2.She is very enthusiastic about it.,3.He works extremely hard.,4.He comes to see us every day.,5.He is at the library looking up some information.,6.Ill be back in a while.,7.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.,8.He was late because of the heavy rain.,9.Please call me up if it is necessary.,10.She was beautiful when she was a girl.,状语(adverb,14,同位语apposition,对前面的,名词或代词,做进一步解释,说明它们的性质和情况。,1.Tom,our monitor,is a handsome boy.,2.I myself will do the experiment.,3.She is the oldest among them six.,4,.,The news that he is ill worries us.,名词,反身代词,数词,从句,同位语apposition对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释,15,插入语(parentheses),对一句话进展附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。,1.Generally speaking,the more hard-working you are,the more likely you will succeed.,2.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.Unfortunately，neither of them could swim.,3.Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard，in other words,you failed.,4.It is so nice to hear from her.Believe it or not，we last met more than thirty years ago.,5.Strange to say,he should have done such a thing.,插入语(parentheses)对一句话进展附加说明或解,16,Choose the right answer,He made another