抗生素英文课件-Antibiotics-and-chemotherapeutics

Klepnutm lze upravit styl pedlohy nadpis.,Klepnutm lze upravit styly pedlohy textu.,Druh rove,Tet rove,tvrt rove,Pt rove,*,Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics,definition,mechanism of action,type of action,toxicity and undesirable actions,types of antibiotics,rational therapy,Antibiotics and chemotherapeut,1,ANTIBIOTICS(ATB),Selectively inhibit or kill microbes in concentrations that are not toxic for macroorganism,not like desinfections and antiseptics,ATB can be used inside human body,Antibiotics(ATB),antimicrobial(ATM)agents are also chemoterapeutics with antimicrobial activiry that have -source in the nature -been produced artifitially,ANTIBIOTICS(ATB)Selectively i,2,抗生素英文课件-Antibiotics-and-chemotherapeutics,3,抗生素英文课件-Antibiotics-and-chemotherapeutics,4,ATB according to their source:,Producers can be:,1.actitnomycetes-,aminoglycosides,tetracyclines,macrolides,2.other bacteria(mostly,Bacillus sp,.)-,bacitracin,polymyxin,3.microscopic fungi(,penicilium,aspergilum,)-,penicilny,ATB can be derived also form plants-,fytoncides,-from annimal tissues,ecmolins,ATB according to their,5,ATB according to the aim group:,1.antibacterial,antibiotics in proper sense,-mostly used common,2.antimycotics,-against molds and yeast,3.antiprotozoal,-against eucaryotic worms,protozoa,4.antiviral,-certain antiviral chemotherapeutics,ATB according to the aim group,6,Bakteriostasis,-situation when ATB inhibit multiplication,division of bacterial cell,-bacteria are not killed Natural dieing of living form of bacteria is not influenced,Baktericidia,-killing of bacterial cells by ATB,specific impact is during the first 4 hours of ATB therapy,if during this period 99%of bacterial populations is killed the bactericidia is clinically relevant,Bakteriostasis,7,ATB according to the type of action,1.Primary bakteristatic,-chloramphenikol,-tetracyclins,-macrolides,-sulphonamides,-nitrofurans.,2.Primary baktericidal,-penicilins,-cephalosporins,-streptomycine,-polymyxin,.,Penicilins and cephalosporins are acting only on dividing bacteria,Aminoglykosides kill also resting,not dividing cells,ATB according to the type of a,8,ATB according to the spectrum of action:,1.Narrow spectrum of ATBs and chemotherapeutics -allow the targeted therapy of usually 1 bacterial group,species,Mycobacterium sp,G+,or only staphylococci:,napr.antituberculotics,.antistaphylococcal atbs,2.Broad spectrum ATBs and chemotherapeutics active on several species(G+and G-),-aminoglycosides,-ampicilin,-chloramphenicol,-tetracyclins,-sulphonamides,-,ATB according to the spectrum,9,Mechanism of action at the level of:,1.,Synthesis of cell wall,2.Disruption of protoplasmatic membrane,3.Inhibition of proteosynthesis,4.Interference of nucleic acid metabolism,Mechanism of action at the lev,10,Mechanism of action:,1.,Inhibition of synthesis of peptidoglycans of cell wall,Synthesis is going on in 4 phases:,I.synthesis of monomers,II.condensation,III synthesis of phospholipids in cell wall,IV incorporation of peptidoglycan in the preexisting cell wall structure,-I to III:bacitracin,vancomycin,cyckloserinn,-IV penicilines,cephalosporines,beta-lactam ATBs those that have heterocyclic beta lactam ring PNC,cephalosporins inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycans vancomycin,teicoplanin inhibition of condensation of monomers acyl-D-alanyl-D-Ala,bacitracin -inhibition of phospholipids synthesis,Mechanism of action:,11,Mechanism of action,2.,Disruption of protoplasmatic membrane,-polymyxin ATBs,-some of polyen antimycotics,Polymyxins bind lipid and protein molecules and unables bariere function of plasmatic membrane,-polymyxins -phospholipids of cytoplasmatic membrane,-amphotericin B synthesis of ergosterol,-asoles -synthesis of ergosterol,Mechanism of action,12,Mechanism of ATBs action:,3.,Inhibition of proteosynthesis,-tetracyclins,macrolides,aminoglycosides,.,-inhibition of the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA on receptors of ribosomes,-lack of aminoacids,-inhibition of polysomes formation from free ribosomes and mRNA,-chloramphenicol,-tetracyclins,-macrolides,-clindamycin,-aminoglycosides,Mechanism of ATBs action:,13,Mechanism of ATBs action,4.Inhibition of nucleic acid metabolism,Nucleic acids:,-chinolons -DNK-gyrase,-rifampicin -RNK-polymerase,-nitroimidasoles -,Synthesis of folic acid:,-sulfonamids -synthesis of folic acid -trimetoprim -reductase of dihydrofolic acid,Mechanism of ATBs action,14,Groups of antibacterial ATBs,penicilins -synthesis of peptidoglycan of cell wall,cefalosporins -/-,carbapenems -/-,monobactams -/-,inhibition of beta-lactamase,aminoglycosids -,tetracyclins -synthesis of microbial proteins,chloramphenicol -/-,macrolids -/-,polypeptids -synthesis of cell wall structures,lincosamids -proteosynthesis,glykopeptids -synthesis of mucopeptids of cell wall,Groups of antibacterial ATBs,15,Antibacterial chemotherapeutics,sulphonamids -synthesis of folic acid,sulphonamids -/-,+diaminopyrimidins,nitrofurans -inhibtion of glycid metabolism,chinolons -synthesis of nucleic acids,nitroimidasol