英汉语言对比和翻译专题培训ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Synthetic vs.Analytic,Hypotactic vs.Paratactic,Compact vs.Diffusive,Subject prominent vs.Topic-prominent,Chronicle vs.Non-chronicle,Stative vs.Dynamic,Synthetic vs.Analytic,1,Synthetic vs.Analytic,综合与分析,Synthetic vs.Analytic综合与分析,2,They,told,me that by the end of the year they,would have been working,together for thirty years.,他们,告诉,我，到（那年）年底，他们在一起,工作就,有三十年了。,synthetic,analytic,They told me that by the en,3,Synthetic vs.Analytic,A,synthetic language,is“characterized by frequent and systematic use of,inflected forms,to express grammatical relationships.,An,analytic language,is“characterized by a relatively frequent use of,function words,auxiliary verbs,and changes in word order,to express syntactic relations,rather than of inflected forms”.,Synthetic vs.AnalyticA synth,4,Feature of English as a,Synthetic,Language,英语通过词汇的,形态变化,，表示句子丰富多采的语言关系和逻辑关系。,形态变化包括性,(gender),、数,(number),、格,(case),、时,(tense),、体,(aspect),、语态,(voice),、语气,(mood),、比较级,(degree of comparison),、人称,(person),、词性,(parts of speech)。,Feature of Chinese as an,Analytic,Language,汉语基本没有形态变化，主要靠词语、词序及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。,Feature of English as a Synthe,5,Practice,1.听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来了。,I,could have,laughed to hear him talk like this.,2.The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.,群山开始向山谷投下,一道道,蔚蓝色长影。,3.李教授原打算在这干一辈子的，但还是由于种种原因去了深圳。,Professor Li,had planned,to work here for the rest of his life,but now he,has been,to Shenzhen for reasons.,4.一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。,Very soon he,was,surrounded by a crowd and,was,snowed under with questions.,Practice,6,Hypotactic vs.Paratactic形合与意合,Hypotactic vs.Paratactic形合与意,7,孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。”,Mencius said,“I like fish and I also like bears paws.,If,I cannot have the two together,I will let the fish go and take the bears paws.,In a similar way,I like life,and I also like righteousness.,If,I cannot have the two together,I will give up my life to preserve righteousness.”,paratactic,hypotactic,孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼,8,Hypotactic vs.Paratactic,The American Heritage Dictionary,defines,hypotaxis,as“the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses,with,connectives”,for example,I shall despair if you dont come,.,The World Book Dictionary,defines,parataxis,as“the arranging of clauses one after the other,without,connectives showing the relation between them”,for example,The rain fell;the river flooded;the house washed away.,Hypotactic vs.Paratactic The,9,在不同的语言中，句子内部连接或外部链接几乎都是用三种手段：,句法手段,（syntactic devices）,词汇手段,（lexical equivalence）,语义手段,（semantic connection）,用前两种手段连接成为形合（hypotaxis）,用后一种手段连接成为意合（parataxis）。,在不同的语言中，句子内部连接或外部链接几乎都是用三种,10,Feature of English as a hypotactic Language,英语造句常用各种形式手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性接应(,overt cohesion,)，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显义。,英语句中的形合手段：,关系词和连接词、介词、其他连接手段，广泛使用代词，以及替补词it和there,等等。,Feature of Chinese as a paratactic Language,汉语造句少用甚至不用形式连接手段，注重隐性连贯(,covert coherence,)，注重逻辑事理顺序，注重功能、意义，注重以神统形。,汉语的意合法往往采用以下手段：,语序；反复、排比、对偶、对照等；紧缩句；四字格。,Feature of English as a hypot,11,试比较以下的英汉句子：,1.跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。,Even if,the monk can run away,his temple cannot run with him.,2.谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。,Modesty helps one go forward,whereas,conceit makes one lag behind.,3.冬天来了，春天还会远吗？,If,winter comes,can spring be far behind?,4.好好学习，天天向上。,Study hard,and,make progress everyday.,英汉语言对比和翻译专题培训ppt课件,12,Practice,1.,When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect,it seems to me that there are two causes,of which one goes much deeper than the other.,为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。,2.抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就可以迎刃而解。,Once the principal contradiction is grasped,all problems can be readily solved.,3.不进则退。,He who does not advance falls backward./Move forward,or youll fall behind.,Practice 1.When I try t,13,Compact vs.Diffusive 聚集与流散,Compact vs.Diffusive 聚集与流散,14,The boy,who,was crying,as if,his heart would break,said,when,I spoke to him,that,he was very hungry,because,he had had no food for two days.,男孩哭得心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了。,compact,diffusive,The boy,who was crying as if,15,Features of English as a Compact Language,句子主次分明，层次清楚，前呼后拥，严密规范，句式呈“,聚集型,”,(compactness),。,结构严谨,通常由名词性短语和动词性短语构成;主语不可或缺，谓语动词是句子的中心，两者协调一致提纲挈领，聚集各种关系网络。,英语句子先把主要信息以“,主、谓、宾（表）,”的语法主干形式突出地表达出来，尔后再运用动词不定式、分词短语、从句、独立结构或其他语法手段来表现次要信息或用连词、介词来衔接,。,Features of English as a Compa,16,汉语的主语不仅形式多样，而且可有可无。谓语也复杂多样,可以是动词、名词或形容词可以是一个动词，也可以是多个动词，还可以没动词；可以是一个单词，也可以是多个词组。,汉语句式松散，句与句之间缺少连接成分，所表现的信息往往从语法外形上主次不分，善用流水句，常常把主要信息和次要信息的区别暗含在短句的并列之中。,Features of Chinese as a Diffusive Language,汉语主谓结构具有很大的多样性、复杂性和灵活性，因而句式呈“,流散型,”（diffusiveness）。,汉语的主语不仅形式多样，而且可有可无。谓语也复杂多样,可以是,17,1.He was struck by her powerful profile,her rich black hair falling freely onto her shoulders,the intensity of her dark eyes.,他一下子为她的出众长相所倾倒了：她一头乌发披肩，飘逸潇洒，一双黑眸炯炯有神。,2.他们这群人，又想吃人，又是鬼鬼祟祟，想法子遮掩，不敢直接下手，真要令我笑死。,All these people wanting to eat human flesh and at the same time stealthily trying to keep up appearances,not daring to act promptly,real