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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Mainly Revision of Junior English,Junior Three,Complex Sentences,The Complex Sentences in Junior English:,初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：,The Object Clause,(,宾语从句,),、,The Adverbial Clause,(,状语从句,),和,The Attributive Clause,(,定语从句,),。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。,.,The Object Clause(,宾语从句,),宾语从句,是主从复合句的一种。,宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。,重点和难点,1、,由不同引导词引导的,宾语从句,2、,直接引语和间接引语,3、,宾语从句中时态的变化,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词,that,引导的宾语从句,由连接代词,Who,whom,whose,which,，,what,和连接副词,where,how,why,when,引导的宾语从句,由从属连词,whether,if,引导的宾语从句,A)Introduced by,that,主句的谓语动词是,say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget,等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词,afraid,glad,sure,sorry,等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接,that,引导的宾语从句。,e.g.He says,that,he wants to speak to the,headmaster,.,Im sorry,(that),he isnt here right now.,Note:,1.that,的省略：,that,引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，,that,本身无词义，在从句,中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。,e.g.I guess(that),somebody else has borrowed it,.,Im afraid(that),youll have to wait,.,2.,宾语从句的否定转移：,主句是,I/We think/suppose/guess/believe,等时，从句中的否定,习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。,误：,I think chickens can not swim.,正：,I dont think chickens can swim.,此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，,如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。,试比较：,I think he is wrong,isnt he?,He thinks he is right,doesnt he?,e.g.,I hear(that),_.,（,一小时后他会回来）,He said(that),_.,（,他非常想念我们）,The teacher told us(that)_.,（,地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,Back,Back,C)Introduced by relative pronouns and adverbs,（连接代词和,连接副词）,一、构成：,1.1.,宾语从句可由连接代词,what,who,whom,which,等引导，,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不,能省略。,Do you know,who,will come this afternoon?(,作主语,),Did you hear,what,he said?,（作宾语）,I dont know,whose,that is.,（作表语）,Could you tell me,which,gate we have to go to?,（作,gate,的,定语）,2.,宾语从句可由连接副词,when,where,how,why,等引导，,它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。,We didnt know,when,she would come back.,Could you tell me,how,I can get to the post office?,No one knows,why,she is late again.,由连接代词,what,whom,whose,which,what,及连接,副词,when,where,how,why,引导的宾语从句,1.He asked _.,(,谁能回答这个问题,）,2.Do you know_.,（,他们在等谁,）,3.He asked,_.,（,谁的书法是班上最好的,）,5.Do you know,_.,（,地球和月亮，哪一个比较小,）,6.Please tell me _.,（,我们什么时候开会,）,7.Can you tell me _.,（,他在哪儿,）,8.Could you tell me _.,（,我该怎么去车站,）,9.Would you tell me _,（,为什么火车迟到了,）,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose handwriting was the best in the class,Which is smaller,the earth or the moon?,When we will have the meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,Back,Back,B)Introduced by,if/whether,if/whether,都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。,if,多用于口语和非正式文体中，,whether,则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：,e.g.She asked me,if/whether I could help her,with her English,.,I dont know,if/whether it is going to rain,.,Back,Note:,只用,whether,的五种情况,：,1.,在介词后,Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.,2.,与,or not,连用时,I dont know whether they will come to help us,or not,.,3.,在动词,discuss或者其他介词,后面的宾语从句中,We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.,4.,宾语从句提前时只能用,whether,Whether this is true or not,I cant say.,5.whether,后可以接动词不定式,We dont know whether to go there tomorrow.,由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句,e.g.,1.I want to know _.,（他是否跟我们一起去公园）,2.Ask him _,.（他是否能来）,3.I dont know _.,（是否要下雨）,if(whether)he will go to the park with us,whether(if)he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,Back,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g,.,1.He said,“You are younger than I”.,2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.,He said that I was younger than him.,He says that Tom is a good student.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,e.g.,She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper?”,“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.,She asked if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.,He asked if(whether)they would go visit the Great Wall.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句,e.g.,1.He asked,“Where do you live?”,2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1、,当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语,从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。,2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语,动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容,为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。,e.g.,The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.,注 意：,Back,四、宾语从句的时态,主句中谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受,限制，可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句谓语动词是一,般过去时，从句中也必须要用某种过去时态，以保持时态的,前后呼应。特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、,科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句,时态的限制。试比较：,He,says,that he,wants,to see him as soon as possible.,He,said,that he,wanted,to see him as soon as possible.,Tom,says,that he,is mending,his car.,Tom,said,that he,was mending,his car.,The teacher,told,us that the earth,goes,round the sun.,二、难点：,1.,避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；,e.g.*I cant see that what is over there.,（应去掉,that,）,2.,从句中的语序为,陈述语序,；,e.g.*Do you know how old is she?,(,应改为：,how old s,he is),3.,从句中的时态与主句,时态前后呼应,。,e.g.*She didnt tell me when she will come.,(,应改为：,when she would come),三、转换：,1),由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。,Ive no idea,what,were going to,do next,.,=Ive no idea,what to do,next,.,Could you tell me,how
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