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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Seminar II,Rotating-Bomb Combustion Calorimeter and Its Application,Outline,Introduction,Background,Construction and Principle,Application,Outlook,References,Introduction,ENERGY SOURCES,Introduction,ENERGY,PEACE,LIVING,ECONOMY,WAR,SCI.&TECHNOL.,Introduction,How to measure,ENERGY,?,Traditional energy source:oil,coal,Some new energy:biomass energy,emulsion oil,Oxygen Bomb Combustion Calorimeter,Background,Oxygen Bomb Combustion Calorimeter,is a one-of-a-kind instrument designed for precise determination of the constant-volume energies and enthalpies of combustion for organic and organo-metallic compounds containing a wide range of elements.,As,basic thermochemical data,the constant-volume combustion energies of compounds have contributed to the progress in quantum chemistry and have provided the numerical basis of the recent computer-aided molecular designs of drugs and new materials.,Static Bomb Calorimeter,and,Rotating-Bomb Calorimeter,1 Frederick D.Rossini,Experimental Thermochemistry,New York:Interscience publishers,1956.,2 Yang X W,et al.,Instrumentation Science&Technology,30(2002)311.,Static Bomb Combustion Calorimeter,Background,The bomb is static in the,experiment,but only,Measure the compounds,containing C,H,O and N,3 Y.Y.Di,et al.,J Chem.Thermodynamics,36(2004)79.,Advantages,:,Rotation,leads to a well-defined final state,obtains combustion completely,and promotes the side reactions,proceeding completely,makes measurements more accurate,Rotating-Bomb Combustion Calorimeter,C,H,O,N,S,F,Cl,Br,I,P,M(metal or metal ion),Background,2 Yang X W,et al.,Instrumentation Science&,Technology,30(2002)311.,4 W.D.Good,et al.,J.Phys.Chem.,60(1956)1080.,Background,The first moving-bomb calorimeter:Popoff,et al,.,1933,5,The first true rotating-bomb calorimeter:Sunner,1948,6,The first typical rotating-bomb calorimeter:Hubbard et al.,1954,7,Todays research,Portugal,University of Porto,8-10,France,Marseille,CRMT,11,12,Mexico,13,14,US,ORNL,5 M.M.Popoff,et al.,Z.Physik.Chem.,A167(1933)183.,6 S.Sunner,Thesis,University of Lund,Carl Bloms,Boktryckeri,Lund,Sweden,1949.,7 W.N.Hubbard,et al.,J.Phys.Chem.,58(1954)142.,8 Manuel A.V.,et al.,J.Phys.Chem.,B 111(2007)792.,11 R.Sabbah,et al.,J.Chem.Thermodynamics,28(1996)221,13 M.V.Roux,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,72(2007)1143,Rotating bomb combustion calorimeter,Oak Ridge National Laboratory,US,precision 0.01%,Background,Background,Rotating-Bomb Calorimeter in China,Begin in 1960s,安绪武，,ICCAS,杨绪武，陈三平，高胜利，,Northwest Univ.,谭志诚，,DICP,Now,Northwest Universtiy,2,15-19,2 Yang X W,Chen S P,Gao S L,et al.,Instrumentation Science&Technology,30(2002)311.,15 Yang X.F.,Yang,X.W.,Sun,L.Z.,J.Chinese Univ.,(China)7(1986)363.,16 An X.W.,He L.L.,et al.,J.Chinese Univ.,(China)24(2003)329.,17 Qi Shuai,et al.,Inorganica Chimica Acta,360(2007)1381.,18 S.P.Chen,et al.,Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,86(2006)767.,19 S.P.Chen,et al.,J.Chem.Eng.Data,50(2005)1204.,Construction and Principle,14 Henoc Flore,et al.,J Chem.Thermodynamcs,38(2006)756.,A.Thermostatic bath(80L),B.Temperature controller,C.Thermistor(283.15-353.15K),D.Heater cartridge(80W),E.Thermostatic circulator,F.Metallic coil,G,H.Tow-adjustable-propel,stirer,I.Motor(1550 rpm),J.Internal calorimetric can,K.Combustion bomb(0.348L),L.Propeller,M.Motor(250rpm),N.External stainless steel can,O.Thermistor,P.Ignition wires,Q.High torque motor(15 rpm),R.Sluice,S.Submersible pump,T.Wooden box;U.Switchboard,Sample,in pellets,1g,placed in a platinum crucible(6.41g),10 ml demineralized water and 3.04 Mpa of oxygen in bomb,Bomb was placed into the calorimetric vessel(2700g of water),Temperature about 298.15K,drift 0.0001K,time intervals of 10s for a reading,At least 100 readings for the fore and after periods,Ignition with a platinum wire connected to the sample by a cotton thread,Rotation of bomb was started in the mainperiod reached about 63%of its value and continued throughout the experiment(120 readings),Determine the chemical composition of final solution in bomb(sulfuric acid and nitric acid),Construction and Principle,Experimental procedure,Construction and Principle,The calorimeter was calibrated through 10 combustion experiments with benzoic acid NIST Standard Material Reference,39i,=(14321.22.4)J K,-1,c,u,0,(298.15)=-(33.4629 0.0057)kJg,-1,c,U,0,m,=-(7238.9 1.9)kJmol,-1,C,12,H,8,S,2,(cr)+17O,2,(g)+228H,2,O(l)=12CO,2,(g)+2(H,2,SO,4,15H,2,O)(aq),c,H,0,m,=,c,U,0,m,+,n,RT,n,=,ni,(products,g)-,ni,(reactants,g),c,H,0,m,=-(7251.3 1.9)kJmol,-1,Hess thermochemical cycle,f,H,0,m,=,12,f,H,0,m,(CO,2,g)+2,f,H,0,m,(H,2,SO,4,15H,2,O,aq),f,H,0,m,(C,12,H,8,S,2,cr)+228,f,H,0,m,(H,2,O,l),=(181.9 2.1)kJmol,-1,Construction and Principle,Accuracy uncertainty 0.02%,Thianthrene was used to test the performance of calorimeter,Application I,Precise determination of heat energies of fuel,Oil,Emulsion Oil,20,Coal,21,Biomass Energy,22,Propellant,23,24,20 Iwata Y.,et al.,Fire Mater,.25(2001)1.,21 Peralta D.,et al.,Fuel,80(2001)1623.,
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