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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,钦佩;羡慕,航空邮件,钦佩;羡慕(,n,),(美)飞机,准入;接纳(,n,),航空机,飞机场,承认;准许(入场;入学),警报,成年人,活着的;存在的,推进;促进;前进,允许;准许,优点;好处,几乎;差不多,admire,airmail,admiration,airplane,admission,airport,admit,alarm,adult,alive,advance,allow,advantage,almost,冒险;奇遇(,n,),单独的;孤独的,为,做广告,向前;和,.,一起;沿着,广告(,n,),大声地,忠告;劝告;建议,已经,忠告;劝告;建议,(n),也,(,英,),飞机,虽然,总共,美国的;美国人的;美国人,adventure,alone,advertise,along,advertisement,aloud,advise,already,advice,also,aeroplane,although,altogether,American,高中英语语法复习专题之,05,代 词,海丰县梅陇中学 许玮俊,Pronouns,代词,一,.,概念,:,代词是代替名词的词,按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:,人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、连接代词和关系代词,等。,二,.,相关知识点精讲,1.,人称代词,1),人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。,2),人称代词有,主格和宾格,之分。通常,主格作主语,,,宾格作宾语,。如:,I,like table tennis.,(,作主语),Do you know,him,?,(,作宾语),3),人称代词还可作,表语,。作,表语时用宾格,。如:,-Who is knocking at the door?,-Its,me,.,4),人称代词在,than,之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用,主格和宾格,都可以。如:,He is older than,me,.,He is older than,I,am.,2.,物主代词,1),表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性,物主代词,如下表所示。,2),形容词性物主代词的作用相当于,形容词,,可在句中作,定语,。例如:,Our,teacher is coming to see us.,This is,her,pencil-box.,3),名词性物主代词的作用相当于,名词,,在句中可用作,主语、宾语和表语,。,Our school is here,and,theirs,is there.,(,作主语),-Is this English-book,yours,?,(,作表语),-No.Mine is in my bag.,Ive already finished my homework.Have you finished,yours,?,(,作宾语),3.,指示代词 指示代词包括:,this,,,that,,,these,,,those,。,1)this,和,these,一般用来指,在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,,,that,和,those,则,指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,,例如:,This,is a pen and,that,is a pencil,We are busy,these,days,In,those,days the workers had a hard time,2),有时,that,和,those,指前面,讲到过的事物,,,this,和,these,则是指,下面将要讲,到的事物,,例如:,I had a cold.,That,s why I didnt come.,What I want to say is,this,;pronunciation is very important in learning English,3),有时,为了避免重复提到的名词,,常可用,that,或,those,代替,例如:,Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as,those,made in Shanghai,4)this,在电话用语中代表自己,,,that,则代表对方。例如:,Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?,4.,反身代词 英语中用来表示,我自己,,,你自己,,,他自己,,,我们自己,,,你们自己,等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。,反身代词可以在句中作,宾语,表语,同位语,。,1),作,宾语,,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。,He called himself a writer,2),作,表语,。,It doesnt matter.Ill be myself soon,3),作主语或宾语的同位语,,表示亲自或本人。,I myself washed the clothes,enjoy oneself,feel oneself,make oneself at home,make oneself understood for oneself,为自己或独立地,,of oneself,自然地,自动地,by oneself,独自地,,in oneself,本身性质,,beside oneself,喜怒哀愁至极,反身代词,中文,主格,宾格,所有格,名词性物代,反身代词,我,我们,你,你们,他,她,它,他们,I me my mine myself,we us our ours ourselves,you you your yours yourself,you you your yours yourselves,he him his his himself,she her her hers herself,it it its its itself,they them their theirs themselves,5,不定代词:,(1)some,与,any,:,some,一般用于肯定句中,但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时,可用于疑问句中;,any,一般用于否定和疑问句中,但当,any,强调“任何”时,也可用于肯定句中。同理,,something,,,somebody,,,someone,的用法同,some,;,anything,,,anybody,,,anyone,的用法同,any,。,some与any,一般用法,:,some,、,any,可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。,some,一般用于肯定句,,any,多用于疑问、否定或条件句。,特殊用法,:,any,用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。,Any day is okay for me.some,用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。,Smith went to some place in England.,(,定语),在期待对方回答,yes,时,,some,用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。,Would you like some bananas?,(,邀请),Mum,could you give me some money?(,请求,)some,用于否定句表示部分否定。,I dont know some of the students.,(,宾语),some,和,any,在句中还可作状语,作副词。,some,意为“大约”相当于“,about”,而,any,则表示程度,意为“稍,丝毫”。如:,There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?,one,both,all,one,指人或物,,“,一个”,其复数为,ones,指人时,其所有格是,ones,,,反身代词是,oneself.This is not the one I want.(,表语,),both,指人或指物,“两者都”,This,maths,problem can be worked out in both ways.(,定语,),注意:,both,用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用,neither,。,Both of us are not teachers.,我们俩并不都是教师。,Neither of us is a teacher.,我们俩都不是教师。,both,不能放在,the,、,these,、,those,、,my,等之后,而应放在它们的前面,。如:,Both my parents like this film.,All,“,全部的”、“整个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。,He gave me all the money.,他把全部的钱给了我。,All the schools are flooded.,所有的学校都被淹了。,注意:,all,用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用,none,。如:,Not all the ants go out for,food.(or:All,the ants dont go out for food.),并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。,None of the money is mine.,这钱一分也不是我的。,many和much few,little;a few,a little,few,和,little,表示没有多少,含否定意义;而,a few,和,a little,表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,,few,、,a few,修饰可数名词;,little,、,a little,修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。,no和none,no=not any,表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语,,none,代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。,none,还可以在句中作宾语。注意:,none,既可以指人又可以指物,,no one,只能指人。,不定代词:,(2)none,既可指,人,又可指,物,,其后面一般,需跟,of,所引导的一个范围;,no one,只能指人,,并且不需接范围。,How many,much,提问时的否定回答用,none,;,Who,提问时的否定回答用,no one,;,What,提问时的否定回答用,nothing,。,each和every,each,(,各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。,every,(,每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。,Every student it our class has a dictionary.(,定语,强调班上“所有的人”,)Each student in our class has a dictionary.,(,定语,强调各个个体),Each of them has been there.,(,主语),The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.,(,宾语),We each got a ticket.,(,同位语),either和neither,either,是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,,neither,是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如:,Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(,宾语,)Neither boy knows French.(,定语,),other和another,the others 和others,the other,表示“两者中的另
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