法律英语典型句型的翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,法律英语典型句型的翻译,第四周,1.,引言,改革开放以后，尤其是中国加入世贸组织后，法律翻译成为热点。,一方面是为了让世界了解中国的法律制度和具体法律法规，需要将大量的中国的法律文本译成外文。,另一方面，为了学习借鉴国外的先进法制建设成果，需要将大量的国外的法律法规法学著作等译成外文。,然而，由于法律文本意思艰深晦涩、用词古板守旧、句型复杂冗长等特点，使得法律翻译的难度大大高于其他类型的翻译实践。,法律文本用词用语有僵化的倾向，某些句型重复使用的频率非常高；而且，法律翻译的一个重要原则就是保持术语和句型结构在译文中的同一性。因此，如果能掌握此类典型句型的翻译，可以大大提高翻译翻译工作的效率。,本讲撷取法律文本中的高频句型并就其典型译法进行讨论。,2.,法律英语典型句型的翻译,2.1 OTHERWISE,Otherwise,在法律英语中的用法：,跟,unless,引导的句子（让步状语从句）连用；,置放在连词,or,之后使用；,与,than,一起，通常用来否定句子的主语。,例,1,In this Ordinance,unless the context otherwise requires,state means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality.(Laws of Hong Kong,Cap.30,Wills Ordinance,Art.2),在本条例中,除文意另有所指外,“,国家”指拥有本身国籍法的领域或一组领域。,例,2,A notice under subjection(1)shall,unless it otherwise provides,apply to the income from any property specified therein as it applies to the property itself.,根据第（,1,）款发出的通知书,除其中另有订定外,亦适用于通知书内指明的财产的收入,一如适用于该项财产本身。,例,3,Any person who by threats,persuasion,or otherwise,induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offence.,任何人籍恐吓,怂恿或,以其它手段,诱使证人或一方当事人不在仲裁处聆讯中作证,即属犯罪。,例,4,If 2 or more persons are defendants to a claim,as partners,or otherwise,a process may be served on any of them and an award may be obtained and execution issued against any person so served notwithstanding that any other persons jointly liable may not have been served or been a party or may not be within the jurisdiction of the Board.,如有,2,名或以上的人以合伙人,或其它身分,而属同一宗申索的被告人,法律程序文件可送达予其中任何一人,而判定该收件人败诉的裁定可由申索人获得,执行程序亦可向该受件人进行,即使任何其它共同有责的人可能未获得送达法律程序文件,或不属当事人,或不在仲裁处的司法管辖权范围内,均无例外。,例,5,No will or any part thereof shall be revoked,otherwise than,-,(a)by marriage as provided by section 13;or,(b)by another will executed in accordance with section 5;or,(c)by a written revocation executed in the manner in which the will was executed;or,(d)by the burning,tearing or otherwise destroying of it by the testator,or by some person in his presence and by his direction,with the intention of revoking it.,除籍以下方式外,任何遗嘱的全部或任何部分,均不得撤销,-,(a),根据第,13,条的规定籍缔结婚姻而撤销,或,(b),籍按照第,5,条签立的另一份遗嘱而撤销,或,(c),籍依照签立遗嘱方式签立的遗嘱撤销书而撤销,或,(d),由立遗嘱人,或由其它人在立遗嘱人面前并依其指示,将遗嘱烧毁,撕毁或以其它方法毁灭,而其意愿是撤销该遗嘱。,2.2 SUBJECT TO,该短语在法律英文中一般都跟“,agreement”,“section”,“contract”,等法律文件名或文件中特定条款名配合使用。,通常可翻译成“以,为条件”、“根据,规定”、“在符合,的情况下”、“除,另有规定外”以及“在不抵触,下”等。,例,6,Subject to this section,an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be,subject to such conditions,as are prescribed by rules made under subsection(5).,在符合本条的规定下,上诉须按根据,(5),款订立的规则内订明的方式提出,并须,受该规则所订明的条件规限,。,例,7,Subject to subsection(3),the Board shall have jurisdiction to inquire into,hear and determine the claims specified in the Schedule.,除第（,3,）款另有规定外,仲裁处具备查讯,聆讯及裁决附表内指明的申索的司法管辖权。,2.3 WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO,这个英文法律短语的功能相当于普通英文中的“,without affecting”,。与上一节“,subject to.”,的句法结构相同，跟在“,without prejudice to”,这个短语之后的通常是一个指代某项法律条款的名词。但对有关事物或条款的规限程度，没有前者那么强硬。前者规限的程度是必须“符合”或“依照”有关条款或规定，后者指不要影响或损害其规限的事物。在汉语中，其意思相当于“在不损害,的原则下”、“在不影响,的情况下”、“,不受影响”、“不妨碍,”,、以及“不规限,”,等等。,例,8,Without prejudice to,section 24,the following shall be treated as properly executed.,在不影响,第,24,条规定,的原则下,以下的遗嘱须视为正式签立,例,9,Without prejudice to,the rights of the Attorney General every complainant or informant shall be at liberty to conduct the complaint or information respectively and to have the witnesses examined and cross-examined by him or by counsel on his behalf.,在不损害,律政司权利的,原则下,每名申诉人或告发人可进行其申诉或告发,并亲自或由代表律师讯问及盘问证人。,2.4 WHERE,在普通英文中，用,where,引导的状语从句，一般为地点状语从句。但在法律英文中，,where,引导的是法律条款中的条件状语从句，相当于“,in the case where”,。在香港，其最典型的译法是“凡,.”or“,如,.”,。例如：,例,10,Where,a defendant is fined and the same is not forthwith paid,the magistrate may order the defendant to be searched.,凡,被告人被判处罚款,但没有随即缴付罚款,裁判官可命令搜查被告人。,例,11,Where,a claimant has a claim which exceeds the monetary amount mentioned in the Schedule and which,but for the excess,would be within the jurisdiction of the Board,the claimant may abandon the excess,and thereupon the Board shall have jurisdiction to inquire into,hear and determine the claim.,如,只因申索人的申索超逾附表所述的款额,以致该申索超逾仲裁处的司法管辖权范围,则申索人可放弃追讨超额的款项,而在此情况下,仲裁处有查讯,聆讯及裁决该宗申索的司法管辖权。,2.5 ANY PERSON WHO DOES.SHALL.,在法律条例中，尤其是在各地的刑法条例中,(,或类似性质的条例,),，“,any person who does shall be guilty of an offence”,这种句型重复率相当高，因为法律的主要功能是界定何种行为属于违法以及应受到怎样的处罚，而这个句型是其中一个最简明、直接的表达方式。在句法上，这个句型通常会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定语修饰词。,以下是典型的例句及其若干变种：,例,12,Any person who,without lawful authority or reasonable excuse,while having dealings of any kind with any other public body,offers any advantage,to any public servant employed by that public body,shall be guilty of an offence,.,任何人,与其它公共机构进行任何事务往来时,无合法权限或合理辩解而向受雇于该公共机构的公职人员,提供任何利益,即属犯罪,。,例,13,A person,shall,not,by reason only of his being an executor of a will,be,incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of such will,or a witness to prove the validity or invalidity thereof.,任何人,不会仅因为身为遗嘱执行人,而没有资格获接受为见证人以证明遗嘱的签立,或证明该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。,例,14,At the hearing of a complaint or information,a party,may be represented by counsel;and an absent party so