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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,中医药古籍善本书目译余谈,论中医文化内涵对中医英译的影响,兰凤利 上海中医药大学,1,内容提要,1.,中医学知识对书目翻译的影响,2.,成语典故对书目翻译的影响,3.,训诂对书目翻译的影响,4.,修辞对书目翻译的影响,5.,儒、释、道家对书目翻译的影响,结语,2024/11/6,2,1.,中医学知识对书目翻译的影响,外科正宗,Orthodox External Medicine,外科,中医外科,Surgery,?,Surgery,:,“,treatment of a disease or disorder which requires an operation to cut into or to remove or to manipulate tissue or organs or parts,”,.,(,Collin,),“,中医外科,”,,与,“,内科,”,相对,是一门以各种非手术疗法治疗外部疾病为主的临床学科。因此,与,Internal Medicine,相对,宜将,“,中医外科,”,译成,“,External Medicine,”,2024/11/6,3,学古诊则,Pulse Diagnosis Following Theories Stated in,Inner Classic,此书名含义不明确,宜将书的实际内涵表达出来:这是一本脉诊专著,,“,古,”,指,内经,2024/11/6,4,伤寒起景集,A Collection of Essays on,Treatise on Febrile Diseases,“,景,”,:汉代著名医学家张仲景,此处指代其著作,伤寒论,。,作者在序中说:,“,集曰起景,诚哉起仲景于千载矣!,”,2024/11/6,5,金镜内台方义,Golden Mirror of Commentaries on Prescriptions from,Treatise on Frbrile Diseases,研究,伤寒论,方剂的著作,伤寒论,、,杂病论,方分别称 为内台方、外台方,即内、外篇之义,2024/11/6,6,中医学知识对书目翻译的影响,虚邪论,On Pathogenic Factors,“,虚邪,”,,是致病邪气的通称,邪,evil,?,中医学中并没有,“,evil,”,,而是,“,致病因素,pathogenic factor,”,。,2024/11/6,7,运气略,Synopsis of Five Phases,Evolution and Six Climatic Factors,“,运气,”,:五运六气,”,的简称,2024/11/6,8,扁鹊仓工传,Biography of Bian-Que and Cang-Gong,The two Famous Ancient Physicians,(增译),泗源先生岐黄余议,Mr Si-Yuan,s Commentaries on,Huang-Di,s Inner Classic,(说明),2024/11/6,9,中医学知识对书目翻译的影响,备急千金要方,Valuable Prescriptions for Emergencies,孙思邈在,自序,中说,“,人命至重,贵于千金,一方济之,德逾于此,”,女科万金方,Valuable Prescriptions for Women,2024/11/6,10,2.,成语典故对书目翻译的影响,脉望,Bookworm:How to Improve Health,脉诊专著?一部养生佳作,作者(明,赵台鼎)在序中说,“,与尝闻蠹鱼三食神仙字,则化为脉望,遂以,脉望,名之,”,。,“,编名脉望,言性命大旨了了,非徒言之,实欲允蹈之也。,”,翻译时,添加副标题点明书著内容,2024/11/6,11,诚书,Monograph on Pediatrics,儿科专著,“,保赤诚求之义,”,“,赤子,”,,指初生的婴儿。,书,康诰,:,“,若保赤子,惟民其康义。,”,孔颖达疏:,“,子生赤色,故言赤子,”,翻译时,采用释义法,点明书著主题,2024/11/6,12,达生编,A Compilation of Obstetrics,产科专著,“,达生,”,:,诗经,大雅,生民,:,“,诞弥厥月,先生如达。,”,达是,“,羍,”,的借字。,“,羍,”,的本义为初生的羊羔。母羊产子极为顺畅快疾,因以,“,达生,”,名编。,翻译时,采用释义法,点明书著主题,2024/11/6,13,折肱漫录,A Collection of Medical Experiences,作者明代医家黄承昊,一生多病,自称,“,予生平凡方书所载之症,十患四五;本草所载之药,十尝四五,”,,于六十岁时将医学阅历整理成篇,名,折肱漫录,。,”,“,折肱,”,语出,左传,定公十三年,:,“,三折肱知为良医,”,。,引之以喻经历久而成良医。,清,邵炳扬,邵氏三折肱,(又名,三折肱医案,),Shao,s Medical Case Records,清,吴士瑛,折肱心悟痢疾明辩,Personal Experience in Diagnosing Dysentery,翻译时,可根据书的内容对,“,折肱,”,进行灵活处理。,“,折肱,”,二字不必译出。,2024/11/6,14,邯郸遗稿,Posthumous Manuscripts in Han-Dan City:Theories and Practice of Gynecology and Obstetrics,过秦新录,New Records on Pediatrics,2024/11/6,15,二书书名均取材于,扁鹊传,扁鹊,“,过邯郸,闻贵妇人,即为带下医;,来入咸阳,闻秦人爱小儿,即为小儿医。,”,“,过秦,”,、,“,邯郸,”,暗喻其书的专科性质:,邯郸遗稿,为妇科专著,过秦新录,为儿科专著,2024/11/6,16,红炉点雪,A Little Snow on Stove Fire,红炉点雪,意为红炉上一点雪,立即融化。比喻一经点拨,立即悟解。,两本名为,“,红炉点雪,”,一本著者不明,是关于天花的治疗,2024/11/6,17,明代龚居中所著论痨病咯血之证治,因此应视具体书著的不同,加以副标题分别译成:,A Little Snow on Stove Fire:Key to Treatment of Smallpox;A Little Snow on Stove Fire:Key to Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis,2024/11/6,18,伤寒来苏集,An Annotated Edition of,Treatise on Febrile Diseases,for Renewal of Patients,清代柯琴注解,伤寒论,的名著,“,来苏,”,语出,尚书,仲虺之诰,:,“,予后,后来其苏,”,“,苏,”,异体作,“,甦,”,,有再生之义,伤寒患者可籍此书解除疾苦、恢复健康之意,2024/11/6,19,幼幼新书,A New Book on Pediatrics,“,幼幼,”,,对儿童爱护,语出,孟子,梁惠王上,:,“,幼吾幼,以及人之幼。,”,赵岐注:,“,幼,犹爱也。爱我之幼,亦爱人之幼,”,暗示这是一部儿科专著,2024/11/6,20,青囊杂纂,A Collection of Medical Works,“,青囊,”,,指古代医生盛医书的囊,后借指医术。,青囊不必依字面译出,2024/11/6,21,3.,训诂对书目翻译的影响,医故,Exegetical Study on Medical Classics,“,故,”,通训诂的,“,诂,”,,这是一部对重要的古典医籍进行广泛训诂、考证和论述的专著,2024/11/6,22,宪治乌噪,Modest Remarks on Basic Treatment Principles,作者:日本冈敬安,反映了日本学者以实验校正古说之严谨态度,“,乌噪,”,谦虚之词;,“,宪治,”,为基本的治疗法则,2024/11/6,23,蛕志,Records of Ascarid,“,蛕,”,为,“,蛔,”,的异体字,医碥,Fundamentals of Medicine,“,碥,”,指水流湍急,崖岸峻险的地方,作者清代何梦瑶,“,采掇前贤之言,,,简明扼要,诚可使初学者登阶梯而履有碥石,流弊者拨乱反正而有医碥。,”,2024/11/6,24,释骨,Textual Research on Bones,该书对,内经,、,甲乙经,中所载人体骨骼的部位、形象、名称逐条加以考订注释,是一部中医骨骼解剖学专著,“,释骨,”,应理解为对骨骼的,“,训诂,”,或,“,文献,”,研究,2024/11/6,25,能毒,Medical Effects of Materia Medica,本草专著,“,毒(药),”,,古代泛指治病的药物。,素问,异法方宜论,:,“,其病生于内,其治宜毒药。,”,张介宾注:,“,毒药者,总括药饵而言,凡能治病者,皆可称为毒药。,”,2024/11/6,26,救偏琐言,Correction on Errors in Treatment of Smallpox,以增益法点明该书内容,2024/11/6,27,4.,修辞手法对书目翻译的影响,比喻、委婉、借代 等修辞方法,医衡,Comments on Medicine,喻病为物,药为权,而医者为 持衡者。这是一部医论集。,2024/11/6,28,医垒元戎,Usage of Medicinals Like That of Military Forces,用药如用兵,,“,药,”,显然指中药。,“,中药,”,目前国内的通行译语是,Chinese herbs,中药除包括草药外,还包括矿物类药和动物类药,建议采用著名英国中医英译家,Wiseman,所提出的,Chinese Medicinals,(形容词名词化,意为具有治疗作用的物质)来对译,“,中药,”,2024/11/6,29,握灵本草,Immortal Works on Materia Medica,作者在自序中借喻嘉言之口,以,“,手握灵珠,以独照千古,”,来比喻这部著作是不朽之作,四海同春,Spring Comes to Whole Nation:Pulse Diagnosis,添加副标题,以点明这是一部脉学专著,2024/11/6,30,导窥私录,Personal Records of Autopsy,委婉手法,一部有关尸体解剖的个人记录。,颅囟经,Classics of Pediatrics,以,“,颅囟,”,指代小儿,一部儿科专著,2024/11/6,31,5.,儒释道家对书目翻译的影响,儒门事亲,Confucian,s Duties to Look After Their Parents,“,金元四大家,”,之一张从正的名作,儒门指儒学之门,亦即古代知识分子阶层。,四库全书提要,云:,“,其曰,儒门事亲,者,以为惟儒者能明其理,而事亲者当知医也,”,。,又如,山林相业,On Medicine,,该书名取古代儒者,“,不为良相,便为良医,”,之义,意为以在野之身从事功同相业的医学。,2024/11/6,32,肘后百一方,A Handbook of 101 Prescriptions,“,百一,”,一语双关,实指书中载有一百零一类药方,暗喻佛经含义,陶弘景自序云:,“,佛经云:人有四大成身,一大辄有一百一病,”,。,佛经认为,人与世间万物皆由地、水、火、风四大要素构成,若有一大不和,便会产生一百零一种疾病,注意:有时,“,百一,”,为虚数,比如,是斋百一选方,中,“,百一,”,指,“,百里挑一,”,,即精心挑选的意思。),2024/11/6,33,金鎞秘论,Secret Reords on Ophthamology,“,金鎞
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