英语语法状语从句

,第十四讲,状态从句,状态从句,状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式、条件等。引导状语从句的连词叫从属连词。状语从句的位置可在句首，也可在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。,状态从句,一、时间状语从句,1,普通类从属连词,引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有,when(,当,时,),，,while(,在,期间,),，,as(,当,，一边,一边,),，,before(,在,之前,),，,after(,在,之后,),，,since(,从,以来,),，,till/until(,直到,),，,whenever(,无论何时,),，,as soon as(,一,就,),等。,状态从句,When I went into the classroom,，,he was reading.,当我走进教室时，他正在看书。,Once time is gone,，,you will never get it back.,时光一去不复返。,状态从句,【,注意,】,在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。,Ill telephone you as soon as I get there.,我一到达那里就打电话给你。,Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.,等车停稳后再下车。,状态从句,2,含,time,的短语,可引导时间状语从句的,time,短语有,every time,，,each time,，,(the)next time,，,(the)last time,，,by the time,，,the first time,，,any time,等。,Every time I listen to music,，,Ill think of it.,每当我听音乐，我就想起这事。,状态从句,3,表示“一,就,”,除,as soon as,外，还有三类：名词型,the moment,，,the minute,，,the second,，,the instant,；副词型,immediately,，,directly,，,instantly,；句式型,no sooner.than.,，,hardly/scarcely.when.,。,The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.,我一看到他，就知道没有希望了。,状态从句,【,注意,】,如果,hardly,，,scarcely,或,no sooner,置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。,Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.,我一到家就下雨。,状态从句,4,对,before,从句的理解,before,的本意为“在,之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及,/,还没有,就,，趁着还没,就,，不知不觉就,，,才,”,等。,Before I could get in a word,，,he measured me.,我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。,Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it.,时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。,状态从句,5,对,since,从句的理解,Ive been feeling down since I lost my job.,自从失去工作后，我的情绪一直低落。,I have made great progress since I was ill.,我自病愈以来取得了很大进步。,状态从句,二、地点状语从句,引导地点状语从句的从属连词有,where(,在,的地方,),和,wherever(,在,的任何地方,),等。,Where I live there are plenty of trees.,我住的地方树很多。,状态从句,三、原因状语从句,引导原因状语从句的从属连词有,because(,因为,),，,as(,由于,),，,since(,既然,),，,for,now(that,)(,既然,),，,seeing(that)(,由于，鉴于,),，,considering(that,)(,考虑到,),，,given(that,)(,考虑到,),等。,I do it because I like it.,我做这件事是因为我喜欢。,状态从句,四、目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的从属连词有,so(,以便,),，,that(,以便,),，,so that(,以便，为了,),，,in order that(,为了，以便,),；,in case(,以防，以免,),，,lest(,免得，以防,),，,for fear that(,以免，惟恐,),等。从句中一般含有,can,，,could,，,may,，,might,，,will,，,would,等情态动词。,I left at 600 so that/in order that I could catch the train.,为赶火车，我六点就出门了。,状态从句,【,注意,】,当从句主语与主句主语相同时，可用不定式来表达相同的意思。,译：为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。,正：,He studies very hard so that(,in order that)he can pass the exam.,正：,He studies very hard so as to(,in order to)pass the exam.,状态从句,五、结果状语从句,引导结果状语从句的从属连词有,so that(,以致，结果,),，,so.that,，,such.that(,如此,以至于,),等。,She is so good a teacher(,She is such a good teacher)that all the students like her.,她是那么好的老师，每个学生都喜欢她。,状态从句,六、条件状语从句,引导条件状语从句的从属连词有,if,，,unless(,if.not,如果不,，除非,),，,as/so long as(,只要,),，,supposing(that)/provided/,providing(that,)(,假如,),，,in case(,假使,),，,on condition that(,在,的条件下,),等。,You can learn anything so long as you set your mind to learn it.,用心学本领，总能学到手。,状态从句,【,注意,】,条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时、过去将来时或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时来替代。,Tell me in case you get into difficulty.,有困难请告诉我。,状态从句,但若从句谓语用了,will,或,would,，那,will,或,would,则是表示“愿意”的情态动词。,If you will go with me,，,Ill wait for you.,你若愿与我同去，我就等你。,状态从句,七、让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句的从属连词有,although,，,though,，,as,，,while(,虽然,),，,when,even if/though(,即使,),，,whether.or.(,不论,/,不管,还是,),以及“疑问词,ever”,和“,no matter,疑问词”等。,Although/Though they are poor,，,they are happy.,他们虽穷，但很快乐。,Whether you believe it or not,，,it is true.,不管你信还是不信，这的确是事实。,状态从句,【,注意,】,as,作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首，,though,引导的让步状语从句，也可将这些成分置于句首，但,although,等其他词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。,状态从句,Hard as/though they tried(,Although/Though they tried hard),，,they couldnt make her change her mind.,尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。,引导让步状语从句时，若提前的是可数名词单数，要省略不定冠词。,状态从句,Child as he is,，,he knows a lot.,虽然他是孩子，但很懂事。,表示“虽然”的连词不能与表示“但是”的连词,but,连用，但可以与,yet,或,still,等副词连用。,状态从句,八、比较状语从句,引导比较状语从句的从属连词为,as.,as,(,和,一样,),，,not as/so.as(,和,不一样,),，,than(,比,),，,the more.the more(,越,越,),。这类从句常以省略形式出现。,The more you study,，,the more knowledge you can get.,你学的越多，你的知识就越丰富。,状态从句,九、方式状语从句,引导方式状语从句的从属连词有,as(,正如,),，,as if,或,as though(,好像,),等。,Do as I told you.,按我说的去做。,【,注意,】,口语中,like,也可用作连词引导方式状语从句。,状态从句,十、状语从句的省略,时间、地点、条件、让步、方式状语从句等的主语与主句主语相同时，有时可用省略形式。,He fell asleep while(he,was)doing,his homework.,状态从句,他在做功课的时候睡着了。,He wont come unless(he is)invited.,他不会来，除非邀请他。,If(it is)necessary,，,ring me at home.,如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。,状态从句,十一、易混从属连词辨析,1,when,，,while,，,as,(1)while,意为“在,期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词。,The plane had left when we got to the airport.,我们到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。,(,不能用,while),状态从句,(2)as,从句的谓语动词一般都是含有动作或发展意味的动词，不与那些不用于进行时的动词连用。,While/When you are in the post office,，,can you get me some stamps?,你去邮局时，帮我买几张邮票好吗？,(,不能用,as),(3),表示带有规律性的“每当”，或者主从句动作有先后时，都只能用,when,。,When winter comes,，,it becomes cold.,每当冬天来临，天就变冷。,状态从句,(4),表示“随着”时间的推移，主从句是两种变化的情况，只能用,as,。,As the day went on,，,the weather got worse.,日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。,(5),强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时，只能用,while,。,Please write while I read.,我读的时候，请写下来。,状态从句,2,because,，,since,，,as,，,for,(1)because,语气最强，表示直接的原因，是说话人认为对方不知道的原因，它引导的从句，通常位于主句之后，只是为了强调或承前才可位于主句前。,He is absent because h