定语从句(I)—关系代词的用法

1Most museums in the world keep things from the past _ people should know about.AwhatBasCthatDwhen【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：世界上大多数博物馆保存着人们应该知道的关于过去的东西。分析句子成分可知，先行词为the past，从句主语为people，谓语为should know about，可知此处缺少宾语，应使用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，that/which在句中充当宾语。故选C。2Here is my classmate _ bicycle was lost yesterday.AhisBthatCwhoseDwhich【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我的同学他的自行车昨天丢了。先行词为my classmate，在后面的定语从句中作定语，所以关系代词为whose。故选C项。3This factory _ produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution.AwhichBwhereCitDwhat【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这家造纸厂昨天关闭了，因为它造成了太多的污染。此处factory是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句作主语，所以这里用which或that引导定语从句，故选A。4Anything _ could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.AwhichBthatCwhatD不填【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：任何能找到的东西都被用来修理损坏的桥。句中先行词为anything，在定语从句中作主语，故只能用关系词that，故选B项。5I was very surprised at _ he spoke at the meeting.Athe way whichBthe way on whichCthe wayDin the way that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我对他在会议上讲话的方式感到很吃惊。the way作先行词时，是比较特殊的定语从句，一般不用分析定从成分，直接用that/in which/省略，故选项中C. the way符合，它省略了关系词。故选C项。6The homework is not as heavy as _he used to get. All_ he needs to do is to improve English.Awhat, thatBthat, whichCwhich, thatDwhat, which【答案】A【解析】考查比较状语从句和定语从句。句意：家庭作业没有他以前的那么繁重了。他所要做的就是要提高英语。在as引导的比较状语中缺少get的宾语，故用what。第二空后he needs to do是定语从句，当先行词是all时且指物时，关系词用that，不能用which。故选A。7I often think of my old friend Henry, most of _ letters I still keep.AhisBwhoCwhomDwhose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我常常想起我的老朋友亨利，我至今仍保存着他的大部分信件。A. his他的；B. who谁；C. whom谁；D. whose谁的。根据名词letters可知此处要用形容词性，再根据most of可知此处用whose，指的是老朋友亨利的信。故选D。8Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course, made the others unhappy.AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Dorothy总是说她在戏剧中的作用非常重要，这一点让其他人很不开心。关系代词Which指代前面一句话的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中做主语。CD项不是定语从句的关系词。A项指代的先行词只能是人。故B正确。9The old farmer has two daughters, are kind to him, makes him very happy.Aneither of whom; whichBneither of them; whoCboth of them; whoDboth of whom; which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：老农有两个女儿，她们都对他很好，这使他很高兴。此处daughters是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且表示两者都，所以第一空填both of whom；整个句子作先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句用which引导。故选D。10The lecturers, most of _ were scientists, were warmly welcomed by the students.AwhomBthemCwhichDthose【答案】A【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：那些讲师们，大部分都是科学家，受到了学生们的热烈欢迎。分析句子结构可知，most前没有连词，因此本句为非限定性定语从句，先行词为lecturers，指人，关系词在从句中做介词of的宾语，应该用whom引导这个非限定性定语从句，故A项正确。一、完形填空My day started just like all the other days. I left for the train station at 7:35 to arrive at work by 8:30. While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper 1 and quietly. I didnt know why but for some reason when I got on the train today it was unusually 2 . I sat down in the only seat available beside a middle-aged man that had his head down and seemed to be 3 in his thoughts. I was glad that he didnt notice when I sat next to him because he just 4 to look down towards the floor.Shortly after the train left I found myself 5 what could be so important that he didnt even see me. I tried to forget about it. However, for some strange reason this inner 6 kept forcing me to talk to this man. I tried to ignore the voice 7 there was no way I was starting a conversation with a complete stranger. Finally I 8 and came up with an excuse to ask him a question. When he 9 his head, I could see that he had some tears rolling down the side of his face 10 his feeble(微弱的) attempt to wipe them away. We talked for about 20 minutes and in the end he seemed to be doing 11 .Several weeks had passed when I noticed an unaddressed 12 on my desk after returning from lunch. It only had the word 13 written on it. When I read the note inside the envelope I was so filled with emotions that I couldnt 14 myself. It was a letter from the man I met on the train thanking me again for talking to him and 15 his life that day. Apparently he had some very hurtful personal problems that were so 16 he was planning to take his life that day.In his letter he explained that he in 17 screamed out to God that if God really cared about him he would 18 someone to prevent him from taking his life. In his eyes I was that someone, that Angel sent by God.So the next time you feel prompted (冲动) for no 19 reason to talk to a friend, relative, neighbor or even a complete stranger please remember my story. You just may make a 20 in someones life when you listen to your inner voice.1AhopefullyBpeacefullyCsincerelyDimmediately2AfullBnoisyCcleanDempty3AdisappointedBemployedCsunkDoccupied4AdecidedBhesitatedCbeganDcontinued5AwonderingBrealizingCconcludingDdiscovering6AmemoryBenthusiasmCvoiceDaffection7AthoughBifCunlessDas8Abroke upBbroke downCbroke inDbroke out9AdraggedBshookCraisedDbent10AforBthroughCoverDdespite11AweakerBworseCstrongerDbetter12ApackageBenvelopeCpresentDdirectory13AangelBcolleagueCcompanionDclient14AexciteBcontainCembarrassDcondemn15AtakingBchangingCimprovingDsaving16AuncontrolledBconvincingCunconsciousDencouraging17AconclusionBpracticeCpowerDdespair18AcarryBsendCforceDhire19AviolentBobviousCcontradictoryDabsurd20AdecisionBscheduleCdifferenceDreservation【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在火车上遇到陌生人，听从自己内心的声音同他谈话，结果挽救了这个人的生命从而悟出的人生感悟，当你听从自己内心的声音时，你有可能改变别人的生活。1B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在火车上，我总是选择一个远离人群的座位，这样我就可以平静地读报纸。A. hopefully有希望地；B. peacefully平静地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. immediately立即。根据上文，我总是选择远离人群的座位，及so连接的因果关系，可知我就可以平静地读报纸，故选B。2A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不知道为什么，但由于某种原因，当我今天上了火车，它是不寻常的满。A. full满的；B. noisy吵闹的；C. clean干净的；D. empty空的。根据下文，I sat down in the only seat available，唯一的座位可知今天的火车是满员的，故选A。3C 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我坐在一个中年男子旁边唯一的座位上，他的头低了下来，似乎陷入了沉思。A. disappointed使失望； B. employed雇佣；C. sunk沉没。下陷；D. occupied占据。根据上文他低着头，可知应该是陷入沉思，而be sunk in为固定短语，意为“陷入沉思中”故选C。4D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴他没有注意到我坐在他旁边，因为他只是继续低头看着地板。A. decided决定；B. hesitated犹豫；C. began开始；D. continued继续。根据上文他低着头，没有注意到我坐在他旁边，可知他继续低着头。故选D。5A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：火车离开后不久，我发现我想知道是什么事情如此重要，以至于他甚至没有看到我。A. wondering想知道；B. realizing意识到；C. concluding推断出；D. discovering发现。根据下文有个内在的声音迫使我和这个人说话，可知这里是想知道。故选A。6C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，出于某种奇怪的原因，这个内在的声音一直迫使我和这个人说话。A. memory记忆；B. enthusiasm热情；C. voice声音；D. affection喜爱。同下文小题7空前的voice相呼应。故选C。7D 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我试图忽略这个声音，因为我不可能和一个完全陌生的人开始对话。A. though尽管；B. if如果；C. unless除非；D. as因为。根据前文我们知道作者喜欢安静，可推断作者不愿意同陌生人说话，因此前后两句互为因果关系。故选D。8B 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：最后我终于忍不住，找了个借口问了他一个问题。A. broke up破坏；B. broke down瓦解，忍不住；C. broke in闯入；D. broke out突发。根据下文我找个借口和这个陌生人说话，可推断这里应该是忍不住。故选B。9C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他抬起头时，我能看到他的泪水顺着脸的一侧流淌，尽管他微弱的试图擦拭它们。A. dragged拖；B. shook震动；C. raised抬；D. bent弯曲。根据下文我看到他脸上的泪水，可知这里他是抬起头。故选C。10D 【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：当他抬起头时，我能看到他的泪水顺着脸的一侧流淌，尽管他微弱的试图擦拭它们。A. for因为；B. through通过；C. over在上方；D. despite尽管。根据上下文关系可知，介词短语在这里做让步状语。故选D。11D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们谈了大约20分钟，最后他似乎好多了。A. weaker更虚弱的；B. worse糟糕的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. better更好的。根据下文可知那天这个人本要结束生命，我和他的谈话挽救了他，所以应该是更好的。故选D。12B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期过去了，我吃完午饭回来，看到桌子上有一个没有写地址的信封。A. package包裹；B. envelope信封；C. present礼物；D. directory名录。同下文When I read the note inside the envelope中的envelope相呼应。故选B。13A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：上面只写了天使这个词。A. angel天使；B. colleague同事；C. companion同伴；D. client委托人。根据下文In his eyes I was that someone, that Angel sent by God，可知这里是天使。故选A。14B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我读到信封里的便条时，我激动得控制不住自己。A. excite使激动；B. contain控制；C. embarrass使困惑，尴尬；D. condemn指责。通过信件作者知道自己挽救了陌生人，所以控制不住自己的情绪。故选B。15D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我在火车上遇到的那个人写来的信，他再次感谢我那天和他谈话并救了他的命。A. taking拿；B. changing改变；C. improving提高；D. saving挽救。根据下文我们知道是作者挽救了他的生命。故选D。16A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，他有一些非常伤心的个人问题，是如此失控，以至于他打算在那天结束他的生命。A. uncontrolled无法控制的；B. convincing令人信服的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. encouraging令人鼓舞的。根据后文结束生命可知是无法控制的问题。故选A。17D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在信中解释说，他在绝望中向上帝大喊，如果上帝真的在乎他，他会派人来阻止他结束自己的生命。A. conclusion结论；B. practice实践；C. power动力；D. despair绝望。根据下文结束自己的生命可知他当时是处在绝望中。故选D。18B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在信中解释说，他在绝望中向上帝大喊，如果上帝真的在乎他，他会派人来阻止他结束自己的生命。A. carry搬，运；B. send派遣；C. force强迫；D. hire雇佣。同下文In his eyes I was that someone, that Angel sent by God.中的sent相呼应。故选B。19B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以下次你感觉冲动，没有明显的原因，想要跟一个朋友,亲戚,邻居,甚至一个完全陌生的人谈话，请记住我的故事。A. violent暴力的；B. obvious明显的；C. contradictory相互矛盾的；D. absurd不合理的。根据前文我同这个陌生人聊天，可知我是没有任何明显的原因的，就是单纯的想同他说话。故选B。20C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你倾听自己内心的声音时，你可能会改变别人的生活。A. decision决定；B. schedule日程安排；C. difference差异；D. reservation预留。根据作者的故事，可知作者同陌生人的谈话挽救了这个人的生命，因此倾听自己内心的声音时，可能会改变别人的生活，让别人的生活有所不同。故选C。二、阅读理解A young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War II is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life, but more than that. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis. However, its not the story of Anne Frank. This isRenias Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box. Now its coming to light with the help of Renias sister and niece.For a long time, Elizabeth didnt even know that her older sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Poland. Then suddenly one day in the 50s, Elizabeth got the diary and started to read it. She was totally stunned and couldnt get very far. “It was too painful to read it,” Elizabeth recalls. “I just put it in the basement and didnt think about it.”Alexandra, Elizabeths daughter, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As Alexandra got older, she was more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe Ill explore some things from the past,” she thought. She got the diary from its hiding place. When she read it, Alexandra was shocked. “Its the description of a wonderful girl who showed great courage in terrible times. My aunts world comes to life as the diary shifts between a teenage girls daily life and the war.”Elizabeth and her daughter Alexandra are excited that the diarywill be published. “It is a story that needs to be heard now more than ever. We should never repeat the same types of racism(种族主义) and hate that lead to violence,” Alexandra says.1Why was Renias Dairy unknown to the world for so many years?AThe story is not as famous as Anne Franks.BIt was lost in the war and no one found it.CAlexandra was afraid to read it.DRenias sister kept it a secret.2What does the underlined word “stunned” mean in Paragraph 2?AEmbarrassed.BBored.CExcited.DShocked.3Why was Alexandra so interested in Renias Diary?AShe was curious about her aunts experience.BShe wanted to comfort her mother.CShe planned to publish her aunts dairy.DShe decided to prove how strong Renia was.4Whats the best title of the passage?AA girl fighting against the racism and hateBRenias Diary is to come to lightCDiscovering the history of a Jewish familyDA Jewish family in World War II【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述二战时期一个女孩的日记，日记记载了女孩生活的细节。为了不再重复同样类型的种族主义和仇恨所导致的暴力，这本日记在这个女孩姐姐和外甥女的帮助下将会被出版，为大家所周知。1D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“This is Renias Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box.” 这是Renia的日记，一本在保险箱里藏起来多年的日记。因此可知这本日记是被Renia秘密收藏起来了，故选D。2D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章“It was too painful to read it,” Elizabeth recalls. “I just put it in the basement and didnt think about it.” 读起来太痛苦了，” Elizabeth回忆道。“我就把它放在地下室里，没有回想它。”根据 Elizabeth所说的话，可以推断她在读她妹妹的日记时候应该是很震惊的，推测stunned为震惊的，同shocked同义，故选D。3A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“Alexandra, Elizabeths daughter, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As Alexandra got older, she was more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe Ill explore some things from the past,” she thought.” Alexandra， Elizabeth的女儿从小就知道这本锁着的日记。随着Alexandra年龄的增长，她对它越来越感兴趣。“如果我能读这本日记，也许我会探索过去的一些事情，”她想。可以看出Alexandra想探索过去的事情处于的就是自己的好奇心，故选A。4B 【解析】标题猜测题。根据文章This is Renias Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box. Now its coming to light with the help of Renias sister and niece.主题思想讲述的是二战时期一个女孩的日记，日记记载了女孩生活的细节。为了不再重复同样类型的种族主义和仇恨所导致的暴力，这本日记在这个女孩姐姐和外甥女的帮助下将会被出版，为大家所周知。因此可以猜测B选项Renias Diary is to come to light， Renia的日记即将曝光符合主题思想，并且引出文章内容，适合做文章的标题，故选B。