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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时与过去完成时的区别,The present perfect tense,&,The past perfect tense,I have finished my homework.,I had finished my homework by 10:00 this morning.,概念,形式,用法,总结,实践,概念,现在完成时,1.,表示过去发生的,对现在有影响,的动作；,I have seen the film many times.,2.,表示过去某一时间开始一直,延续到现在,的动作。,He has lived here since 1949.,过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻,以前,已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻或在此刻前已经完成的动作，即,“,过去的过去,”,By the end of last term we had learned 1000 English words.,形式,现在完成时,have/has+,动词的过去分词,主语为三人称单数，则用“,has+,过去分词”,She has waited here for an hour.,主语为非单三，则用“,have+,过去分词”,I have waited here for an hour.,过去完成时,had+,过去分词,had,可用于各种人称和数,By the end of this term we had learned 1000 English words.,1.,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果（,强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果,）通常与表示与包括现在在内的时间副词,just,already,before,yet,never,ever,等状语连用,eg.I have never heard of that before.,She has already known the news.,现在完成时的用法,2.,表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词常与,for,或,since,引导的时间连用,so far,by now,this days,in the last ten years,for+,一段时间,eg.He has lived here for 5 years.,since+,（表示过去某一时间的）时间点,eg.He has been here since 5 years ago.,现在完成时的用法,短暂性的动词,不能和,for,since,连用,become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,know,join,leave,go,finish,fall,die,eg.The film began five minutes ago.,-The film has been on for five minutes.,-It has been five minutes since the film began.,用,how long,提问,eg.How long has the film began?,现在完成时的用法,过去完成时的用法,1.,表示在过去某一时间以前完成的动作或事件。,是一个相对的时态,，强调在某一时间点或动作之前发生的动作。,需要与表示过去的时间状语，不能离开过去的时间而独立存在,。此时多与,already,yet,still,just,before,ever,by,until,等连用,eg.He had read the text before he came to school.,I had finished reading the book by 10:00 last night.,2.,表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，并可能还将持续下去。,eg.By the end of last year,he had work in the factory for 10 years.,过去完成时的用法,过去完成时通常连用的时间状语：,by,by the end of +,过去的时间点,before,eg.,He had read the text before he came to school.,By the end of last year,he had work in the factory for 10 years.,They had planted 100 trees before last Sunday.,过去完成时的用法,When,引导的从句,主语,+,过去完成时,+By the time,引导的从句 从句谓语动词为过去式,Before,引导的从句,eg.When I got there,the bus had already gone.,Before I met her,I had heard a lot about her.,By the time we got to the cinema,the film had been on for five minutes.,过去完成时的用法,表示,意向,的动词如,hope,wish,except,think,intend,mean,suppose,等用过去完成时表示原本想做但并未完成的动作,eg.I had hoped that you would come to my party.,过去完成时的用法,总 结,现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，侧重于对,现在,产生的,结果,或造成的,影响,，与,现在,有关。,I have finished my homework.,过去完成时则是一个,相对,的时态，表示的动作不仅发生在过去，而且是过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动作相,比较,时才用到它。,I had finished my homework by 10:00 this morning.,练 习,1.I have,this nice watch for two years,(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend,2.The train from Beijing _ten minutes ago.,(A)has arrived (B)was arriving (C)arrived (D)had arrived,3.The famous writer _one new book in the past two years.,(A)had written (B)was writing (C)wrote (D)has written,4.I _900 English words by the time I was ten.,(A)learned (B)was learning (C)had learned (D)learnt,
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