直接引语和间接引语

十五、直接引语和间接引语,一、定义,直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。,二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则,(,一,),人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,用法,举例,一随主,直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引语中的主语作相应的变化,He,said,“,We,love,our,country.”,He,said that,they,love,their,country.,他说他们热爱自己的国家。,She,said to me,“,I,have left my books in your room.”,She,told me,she,had left,her,books in,my,room.,她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。,用法,举例,二随宾,直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化,Tom asked me,“Are,you,a teacher?”,Tom asked me if,I,was a teacher.,汤姆问我是否是一名老师。,He,asked,me,“Do,you,have a computer?”,He,asked,me,if,I,had a computer.,他问我是否有计算机。,用法,举例,第三人称不更新,直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中不发生变化,Bill said,“,She,is,my elder,sister.”,Bill said that,she,was,his,elder sister.,比尔说她是他的姐姐。,The teacher,told,Marys parents,“,Mary,is a good girl.,She,is always ready to help others.”,The teacher,told,Marys parents,that,Mary,was a good girl and,she,was always ready to help others.,老师告诉玛丽的父母说，玛丽是一个好女孩，她总是乐于助人。,(,二,),时态的变化,直接引语,间接,引语,例句,一般现在时,一般过去时,Tom said,“I usually,get,up at six.”Tom said(that)he usually,got,up at six.,汤姆说他通常六点起床。,一般过去时,过去完成时,Mike told me,“I,walked,to school yesterday.”,Mike told me he,had walked,to school the day before.,迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。,直接引语,间接引语,例句,现在进行时,过去进行时,Nina told me,“Linda,is watching,TV at home.”Nina told me(that)Linda,was watching,TV at home.,尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。,一般将来时,过去将来时,She said,“I,will,see you at the same place tomorrow.”,She said(that)she,would,see me at the same place the next day.,她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。,直接引语,间接引语,例句,现在完成时,过去完成时,Betty said,“I,have worked,in this factory for over ten years.”Betty said(that)she,had worked,in that factory for over ten years.,贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。,过去完成时,过去完成时,Bob told me,“I,had lived,here for years before I moved out.”Bob told me that he,had lived,there for years before he moved out.,鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。,(,三,),指示代词、时间和地点等变化,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,this,these,that,those,时间状语,now,today,tonight,this week,yesterday,last week,three days ago,tomorrow,next week,then,that day,that night,that week,the day before,the week before,three days before,the next day,the next week,直接引语,间接引语,地点状语,here,there,方向性动词,bring,come,take,go,三、直接引语与间接引语的转换,用法,例句,(1),如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用,that,，但在口语中通常省略，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化,“,Im,a teacher.”she said.,She,said,that,she,was,a teacher.,她说她是一名教师。,Bill,said to,me,“,I,like,English very much.”,Bill,told,me,that,he,liked,English very much.,比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。,Betty said,“,I,am going to,buy a bike,tomorrow,.”,Betty said(,that,),she,was,going,to,buy a bike,the next,day,.,贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。,用法,例句,(2),如果是一般疑问句，要用连词,whether,或,if,引导，后面用陈述语序，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化,“,Are,you,a student,？”,Ann asked.,Ann asked,me,whether(if),I was a student.,安问我是否是一名学生。,The teacher asked me,“,Can,you,swim?”,The teacher asked me,whether(if),I,could,swim.,老师问我是否会游泳。,用法,例句,(3),如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词,who,whom,whose,how,when,等引导，助动词,do,does,或,did,要舍弃，并把疑问语序改为陈述语序,“,What,are,you,doing,?”my father asked.,My father asked,what,I,was,doing,.,爸爸问我在做什么。,“,When,did,you,come,here,?”he asked.,He asked,me,when I,went,there,.,他问我什么时候去那儿。,用法,例句,(4),如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时多用“名词（代词）,+,不定式”结构，否定句在,to,前面加,not;,引述动词常用,ask“,请求”，,tell“,告诉”，,order“,命令”等,“,Please sit down.”Jim said to me.,Jim,asked me to sit,down.,吉姆请我坐下。,“,Dont make any noise.”the teacher told us.,The teacher,told us not to make,any noise.,老师告诉我们别出声。,按要求改写句子,1.(2012,安顺中考,)“Jack,can you help with the dinner?”Jacks mother asked.,（改成间接引语）,Jack was asked _ he _ help with the dinner.,答案：,if;could,2.(2012,孝感中考,)A:The teacher said to the students,“Dont take mobile phones to school.”,（改为同义句）,B:The teacher told the students _ _ take mobile phones to school.,3.(2011,济南中考,)My friend asked,me“Can,you make fruit salad?”(,改写句子，句意不变,),My friend asked me _ I _ make fruit salad.,答案：,2.not to,3.if;could,4.(2011,上海中考,)Are there any new markets in Asia?The sales manager wants to know.(,合并为一句,),The sales manager wants to know _ there _ any new markets in Asia.,5.(2011,乐山中考,)“Will you please open the window?”she said to him.(,将直接引语改为间接引语,),She _ him _ open the window.,答案：,4.if;are 5.asked;to,