(精品)StephenCrane

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Stephen Crane,(1871-1900),American novelist,short story writer,poet and journalist,As a representative of American Naturalism and Impressionism,Stephen Crane is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.,3,1,2,Introduction,Life,Major Works,The Red Badge of Courage,Life,Crane,the youngest of 14 children,was born in 1871 in Newark,New Jersey.,His father was a strict minister,who died in 1880,leaving his devout,strong mother to raise the rest of the family.,He attended preparatory school at the Claverack College(1888-1890).,He spent less than two years at Syracuse University and then went to New York City to become a journalist.,He wrote his first book,Maggie:A Girl of the Streets,and published,it in 1893 at his expense.,In 1895 the publication of,The Red Badge of Courage,and of his first book of poems,The Black Riders,brought him international fame.,He was hired to go to Cuba as a journalist to cover the Spanish-American War.,On the way to the island,Crane was in a shipwreck.This experience directly led to his most famous short story The Open Boat(1897).,When staying in Jacksonville,Florida,he met the owner of a brothel(,妓院,),Cora Taylor.,This meeting was the beginning of a love affair and she accompanied him to Greece as he reported on the Greco-Turkish War for New York newspapers;and stayed with him until the end of his life.,After reporting on the Spanish-American War,Crane returned home to England,where he made friends with Joseph Conrad,H.G.Wells,and Henry James.,The stress of this life,compounded by an almost blatant,（,公然的,）,disregard for his own health,led to his contracting tuberculosis,（,肺结核,）,.,He died in June 1900,at the age of 29.,His Major Works,Novels,Maggie:A Girl of the Streets,街头女郎玛吉,The Red Badge of Courage,红色英勇勋章,The Little Regiment,The Third Violet,Active Service,Georges Mother,the first work of American literary Naturalism.,Short Stories,The Open Boat,海上扁舟,The Monster,怪物,The Blue Hotel,蓝色旅馆,The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky,新娘来到黄天镇,Poems,The Black Riders,黑骑者,War is Kind,战争是仁慈的,Historical book,Great Battles of the World,世界之伟大战役,Poetry,The poetic style was unconventional.,It was written in free verse without rhyme,meter,or even titles for individual works.,They are typically short in length and most do not use stanzas(,节,)and refrains,（,叠句,）,.,Significant Style,Cranes works reflect many of the major artistic concerns at the end of the nineteenth century,especially naturalism,impressionism,and symbolism.,His works insist that people live in a universe of vast and indifferent natural forces.,Many readers(including Hamlin Garland and Joseph Conrad,who were personal friends of Crane)have used the term“impressionist”to describe Cranes vivid renderings of visual beauty and uncertainty.,One of the finest books of American literature,It was innovative stylistically as well as psychologically.Often described as a war novel,it focuses less on battle and more on the main characters psyche and his reactions and responses in a wartime situation.,The Red Badge of Courage:an episode of the American Civil War,Before battle,In the second battle,In the forest,18-year-old private Henry Fleming,is filled with boyish dreams of the glory of war.,Fearing the battle is a lost cause,Henry deserts his regiment,（团）,.,He discovers a decaying body.,In his distress,he,then finds,a group of injured men.One member of,the group,a“tattered soldier”,asks Henry where,he is wounded,but he dodges(,躲避,)the question.,Returns to his regiment,He next joins a retreating column that is in disarray,（无秩序）,.In the panic,a man hits Henry on the head with his rifle,wounding him.,Leaves the group,When he arrives at camp,the other soldiers believe his injury resulted from a bullet during battle.The other men care for him,dressing his wound.,In his third battle,In the ensuing,（接下来的）,fight,Henry proves to be a capable soldier.,Looking for a stream,He discovers from the commanding officer that his regiment has a lackluster,（平凡的）,reputation.,The officer speaks casually about sacrificing the regiment because they are nothing more than mule drivers and mud diggers.,In the final battle,Henry acts as the flag-bearer after the color sergeant falls.Facing withering fire if they stay,and disgrace if they retreat,the officers order a charge.,Unarmed,Henry leads the men while entirely escaping injury,finally proving his courage as a man.,S,o vivid a picture of the emotions and the horrors of the battlefield that you will pray your eyes may never look upon the reality.,-The,Detroit Free Press,“It is one of the finest books of our literature,and I include it entire because it is all as much of a piece as a great poem is.,-,Men at War:The Best War Stories of All Time,Ernest Hemingway,Major Themes,Courage,Manhood,Self-Preservation,The Universes Disregard for Human Life,As the novel opens,Henrys understanding of courage is traditional and romantic.He assumes that,like a war he