[4]情报学概论-信息组织

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,信息组织,刘志辉,科学计量与评价研究中心,2015-10-20,信息检索系统,信息资源,匹配,查询,标引,检索结果,相关性反馈,Identify/Scope the thingtobe described,Study ittoidentifyitsimportant properties orfeatures,Compareit withother thingslike and unlikeit,Select or develop asystem/vocabulary for description using,“,“good”,Cate,and different things to be distinguished,Create the d,Object,either“by hand”or by some automated/computational process,Description,信息组织,semantics,synt,categorization,classification,taxonomy,folksonomy,vocabulary,tag,Web2.0,metadata,metamodel,facet,Conceptu,schema,microformat,microcontent,Ontology,Informationarchitecture,Integration,mushup,Interoperability,standardization,compliance,pragma,大纲,信息资源描述技术,信息资源标引技术,信息资源封装技术,信息组织,算 帐,二,飞镜,玉轮,婵娟,经、史、子、,集,集,经、律、论,信息组织,索引文摘法,分类组织法,元数据,本,体,体,语义网,体系分类法,:DDC(,Dewey Decimal Classification,),体系,-,组配分类法,:UDC(,Universal Decimal Classification,),组配分类法,:CC(Colon Classification),标题法,:LCSH(,Library of Congress Subject Headings,),叙词法,:,汉语主题词表,单元词法,关键词法,索引法,文摘法,信息组织,信息资源封装技术,信息资源描述技术,信息资源标引技术,编 目,元数据,分类模式,关联组织,外部特征描,述,述与转录,内容特征概,念,念及其相互,关,关系描述与,揭,揭示,已描述分散,资,资源的整合,与,与长期保存,信息组织,1 信息资,源,源描述技术,1.1,信息资源编,目,目技术,以特定顺序,记,记录或转录,信,信息资源元,数,数据元素的,相,相关标准规,范,范与技术。,国际标准书,目,目著录,（,International Standard Bibliographic Description,，,ISBD,）,1967,：,Anglo,American Cataloging Rules,，,AACR,1978,：,AACR2,2005,：,AACR3,：,RDA(ResourcesDescription and Access),）,英美编目条,例,例,中国,ISBD=GB/T3792,文献著录,系列国家标,准,准,AACR=,西文文献著,录,录条例,示例,1 信息资,源,源描述技术,1.2,信息资源元,数,数据技术,从信息资源,的,的外部特征,中,中选取需要,描,描述的元素,，,语义层,语法层,MARC,1960s,CCF,1984,TEI,1987,EAD,1993,DC,1995,FRBR,1998,MODS,2002,MARC I,1966,MARC II(LCMARC),1968,USMARC,1983,MARC21,1997,UNIMARC,1977,CWMARC,1992,合并,CANMARC,Z39.2,1971,ISO2709,1977,GB/T2901,1981,SGML,1985,XML,1998,RDF,2004,HTML,1993,MARC:MAchine Readable Cataloging,CCF:Common CommunicationFormat,TEI:TextEncoding Initiative,EAD:Encoded Archival Description,DC:Dublin Core,FRBR:FunctionalRequirements for Bibliographic Records,MODS:Metadata ObjectDescription Schema,SGML:Standard GeneralizedMarkup Language,XML:ExtensibleMarkup Language,RDF:Resource DescriptionFramework,1 信息资,源,源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,书目记录功,能,能需求（,FunctionalRequirement for BibliographicRecords,）,usingthedata,tofind,materialsthatcorrespondto the usersstated search criteria(e.g.,in the contextof asearch foralldocumentson agivensubject,or asearch fora recording issuedundera particular title);,usingthedataretrieved,to identify,an entity(e.g.,toconfirm that the documentdescribedin arecord correspondsto the documentsought bytheuser,or to distinguish between twotexts orrecordingsthathavethesametitle);,usingthedata,to select,an entitythatis appropriateto the users needs(e.g.,toselect a text in a language the user understands,or tochoose aversion ofa computer programthatis compatible with the hardware andoperatingsystem available totheuser);,usingthedatain order,to acquireorobtain,access tothe entitydescribed(e.g.,toplace a purchase order for apublication,tosubmit arequest for theloanof acopyofa book ina librarys collection,or toaccess online an electronic document stored on a remotecomputer).,Group1,智力或艺术,产,产品：,Work,Expression,Manifestation,Item,Group2,责任人：,Person,CorporateBody,Group3,（,work),主题：,Group1&Group 2,Concept,Object,Event,place,1 信息资,源,源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,书目记录功,能,能需求（,FunctionalRequirement for BibliographicRecords,）,1 信息资,源,源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,1 信息资,源,源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,1,信,信,息,息,资,资,源,源,描,描,述,述,技,技,术,术,Work,Expression,Manifestation,Item,Person,Corporate Body,Group 2,Isownedby,Isproducedby,Isrealizedby,Iscreatedby,1.3FRBR,Work,Person,Corporate Body,Work,Expression,Manifestation,Item,Concept,Object,Event,Place,1,信,信,息,息,资,资,源,源,描,描,述,述,技,技,术,术,1.3FRBR,Hasassubject,Hasassubject,Hasassubject,1,信,信,息,息,资,资,源,源,描,描,述,述,技,技,术,术,1.3FRBR,1,信,信,息,息,资,资,源,源,描,描,述,述,技,技,术,术,1.3FRBR,2,信,信,息,息,资,资,源,源,标,标,引,引,技,技,术,术,Weakly-,structured,strongly-,structured,Natural Language,Controlled Language,TermList,Categorization&,Classification,RelationshipGroups,Picklists,SynonymRings,AuthorityFiles,Glossaries/Dictionaries,Gazetteers,Subject Headings,Categorization Schemes,taxonomies,Classification Schemes,Thesaurus,Concept Maps,Semantic Networks,Ontology,强,调,调,概,概,念,念,定,定,义,义,与,与,理,理,解,解,，,，,接,接,近,近,自,自,然,然,语,语,言,言,，,，,不,涉,涉,及,及,语,语,义,义,关,关,系,系,强,调,调,概,概,念,念,间,间,的,的,层,层,级,级,聚,聚,合,合,和,和,类,类,别,别,体,体,系,系,，,，,来,来,自,自,自,然,然,语,语,言,言,，,，,具,具,备,备,相,相,对,对,规,规,范,范,的,的,语,语,义,义,结,结,构,构,强,调,调,概,概,念,念,间,间,各,各,种,种,关,关,系,系,的,的,揭,揭,示,示,，,，,语,语,义,义,结,结,构,构,强,强,，,，,是,经,经,过,过,规,规,范,范,化,化,的,的,机,机,器,器,可,可,读,读,的,的,人,人,工,工,语,语,言,言,2,信,信,息,息,资,资,源,源,标,标,引,引,技,技,术,术,2.1,分,类,类,模,模,式,式,重,点,点,在,在,于,于,揭,揭,示,示,概,概,念,念,间,间,的,的,等,等,级,级,关,关,系,系,，,，,目,目,前,前,应,应,用,用,最,最,广,广,、,、,发,发,展,展,最,最,为,为,成,成,熟,熟,的,的,信,信,息,息,组,组,织,织,体,体,系,系,，,，,包,包,括,括,标,标,题,题,表,表,、,、,范,范,畴,畴,表,表,、,、,分,分,类,类,表,表,、,、,层,层,级,级,表,表,、,、,Folksonomy,等,。,。,主,要,要,由,由,主,主,表,表,、,、,标,标,记,记,符,符,号,号,、,、,复,复,分,分,表,表,、,、,类,类,目,目,注,注,释,释,系,系,统,统,和,和,类,类,目,目,索,索,引,引,构,构,成,成,；,；,利,用,用,术,术,语,语,间,间,的,的,等,等,级,级,关,关,系,系,描,描,述,述,知,知,识,识,结,结,构,构,框,框,架,架,，,，,不,不,易,易,于,于,知,知,识,识,