中中考复习之动词时态和语态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中考,语法复习,之,动词时态和语态,时态,时间状语,一般现在时,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday等,一般过去时,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now等,一般将来时,next,tomorrow,in+一段时间,before+时间点等,现在完成时,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently等,过去完成时,before,by+过去的时间,until,when,after,once等,过去进行时,this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten yesterday evening when,while等,过去将来时,the next day(morning,year),the following month(week),现在进行时,now,at this time,these days,etc.look/listen,一.一般现在时态：,1.一般用法:,1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.时间状语:every,sometimes,at,on Sunday。,e.g.,He often goes to the cinema.,2表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.,He sings well.（能力）,3表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.,Knowledge is power.（客观真理）,2.特别用法:,1,主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句,须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.,Ill write to her when I have time,.,2,让步状语从句和方式状语从句,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.,Whether you help him or not,he will fail.,Next time Ill do as he says.,3表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g,.,The train leaves at 12:00.,二.一般过去时态（did式）:,1.基本用法:,1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等,He bought the computer five years ago.,2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g,.,We often played together when we were children.,注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,used to,e.g.He used to go to work by bus.,2.特别用法:,过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气:,1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等:,I wondered if you could help me.,能不能帮我一下。,2)情态动词 could,would。,e.g.,Could you lend me your bike?,能借用一下你的自行车吗？,三.一般将来时（will/shalldo）:,1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g.,-You forget to close the door.,-Oh,Ill close it at once.,will表意愿,Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,2.,be going to+不定式，表示将来,。,主语的意图，即将做某事,。,e.g.,What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？,b.,计划，安排要发生的事,。,e.g.,The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。,c.,有迹象要发生的事。,e.g.,Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3.,be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注定的事;命令。,e.g.,We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。,4.be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事,。,e.g.,He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。,注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用,。,四.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.）,1.基本用法:,1影响性用法:,表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,e.g.,He has left the city.,（结果:他不在这个城市）,Someone has broken the window.,（结果:窗户仍破着）,2持续性用法:,表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.,We have been busy this afternoon.,2.用现在完成时的典型场合:,1“,since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”,则句中用现在完成时,e.g.,I havent seen her since last week.,Where have you been since I last saw you?,2句中有,so far/in（for/during）the past（last）years（months）/up to now/until now,e.g.,So far there has been no news.,3,“,It/This/That is the first（second/third）timethat从句”,或,“It/This/That is the onlythat从句”,或“,It/This/That is the 最高级 that从句”,e.g.,It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.,It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.,It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）,4)for+表示一段时间的短语,They have been married for 10 years.,瞬间动词和延续性动词,buy,borrow,arrive,leave,Join,die,get up,get married,come here,go there,begin/start,stop,open,close,have,keep,be in,/at,be away,be in/be a member of,be dead,be up,be married,be here,be there,be over,be open,be closed,be on,他已借了这本书,.,他借了这本书两周,.,她买了那件外套,.,她已买那件外套一个月了,.,这家商店已经开业,/,关闭了,.,这家商店已经开业,/,关闭半年了,.,他们已经离开了家乡,.,他们已经离开家乡五年了,.,He,has borrowed,the book.,He,has kept,the book for 2 weeks/since 2 weeks ago.,She,has bought,the coat.,She,has had,the coat for a month/since a month ago.,The shop,has opened/closed,.,The shop,has been open/closed,for half a year.,They,have left,their hometown.,They,have been away from,their hometown for 5 years.,他的父亲已经去世了,.,他的父亲已经去世三年了,.,她已经入党,/,团了,.,她已经入党,/,团两个月了,.,电影已经开始了,.,电影已经开始五分钟了,.,他已经去扬州了,.,他已经去扬州三天了,.,His father,has died,.,His father,has been dead,for three years.,She,has joined,the Party/League.,She,has been in,the Party/League for two months.,She,has been a Party/League member,for two months.,The film,has started/begun,.,The film,has been on/lasted,since 5 minutes ago.,He,has gone to,Yangzhou.,He,has been in,Yangzhou for 3 days.,have/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to,1.A:Wheres Jim,Li Lei?,B:He _his school library.,2.The Greens _China for three years.,We _the Great Wall twice.Its very beautiful.,has gone to,have been in,have been to,B,A,A,B,B,stay,A,她以前曾去过上海。,She has been to Shanghai before.,他在上海,10,年了。,He has been in Shanghai for ten years,他去上海了。,He has gone to Shanghai.,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，,与现在有关,。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，,与现在无关,。,他已学英语,(,五年,),了。,He has studied English(for five years).,他学过英语。,He studied English.,（说明他懂英语,而且还继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过英语，现在的情况不知道。）,一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到,yesterday,Last year,in May,in+,过去某一年，,two days ago,the other day,just now,等就用一般过去时,当有,so far,in the past/last few days(,在过去,/,最近的几年里,),，,since,接过去时间状语或过去时的句子,等常用现在完成时,He has f