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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,知识梳理,八年级下册,知识梳理八年级下册,一、语 法,1.,动词时态,2.,并列复合句,3.,宾语从句,一、语 法1.动词时态,1,、动词时态,1、动词时态,句中,没有,be,的变法,一般现在时有,be,的变法,否定句、一般疑问句的结构,句中没有be的变法一般现在时有be 的变法否定句、一般疑问句,一般过去式的句子结构：,肯定句：主语,+,have /has,+,V,过去分词,+,其他,.,现在完成时的句子结构,一般过去式的句子结构：肯定句：主语+have /has +V,一般疑问句回答,:,Is,he.? Yes, he,is,. No, he,isnt,.,Do,you .? Yes, I,do,. No, I,dont,.,Does,.she ? Yes she,does,. No, she,doesnt,.,Did,they.? Yes, they,did,. No, they,didnt,.,Have,you.? Yes, I,have,. No. I,havent.,Were,they.? Yes, they,were,. No, they,werent,.,Was,he.? Yes, he,was,. No,he,wasnt,.,Has,she ? Yes, she,has,. No, she,hasnt,.,一般疑问句回答:Is he.? Yes, he i,2,、并列复合句,并列复合句,-是由并列词and ,but ,or 等把两 个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。,并列复合句的构成,：,简单句+并列连词+简单句。,并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。,（1）并列关系用and,（2） 选择关系 用or,（3）转折关系用but,2、并列复合句并列复合句-是由并列词and ,but,3,、宾语从句,1.,引导词的选择,一般疑问句充当宾语从句,特殊疑问句充当宾语从句,疑问代词或疑问副词,2,.,语序,陈述句语序,3.,时态,陈述句充当宾语从句,主句,一般现在时,一般,过去,时,从句,按实际情况用相应时态,过去,的某种时态,4.,当主句谓语动词为,think,，,suppose,，,expect,，,believe,等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词,not,从从句中移到主句中，构成,否定转移,5.,如果从句说的是,客观现象或真理,，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用,一般现在时,。,that,if/whether,3、宾语从句1.引导词的选择一般疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1.,陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g.,1. He said, “You are younger than I ”.,2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.,He said that I was younger than him.,He says that Tom is a good student.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,2.,特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句,e.g.,1. He asked,“,Where do you live?,”,2.,“,How can we get to the post-office?,”,he,asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系2.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,3.,一般疑问句引导的宾语从句,She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”,“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.,He asked if (whether) they would go to visit the Great Wall.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从,二、话 题,人的相貌及性格,2.,天气及季节,3.,看病与健康,4.,假期,二、话 题人的相貌及性格,三、句子,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,一般疑问句,否定句,祈使句,三、句子简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感叹句一般疑问句,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,This is an orange bike.,He knows me,and,I know him.,When I was 5, I could swim.,Did,you live here,or,there?,What,did,they learn just now?,What a,heavy rain it is!,Does,Tom speak French?,I dont,understand it.,Stand,（,Dont,）,up.,一般疑问句,否定句,祈使句,简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感叹句This is a,四、句型,(,及交际用语,),对某人来说做某事是怎么样的,：,It is +adj. for/of,sb. +,to do,sth.,2.,提问看病的,：,What can I do for you ?,Can I help you ?,Whats wrong?,Whats the matter?,四、句型 (及交际用语)对某人来说做某事是怎么样的：,3.,回答生病情况,：,1),I have got a,headache .,stomach ache .,toothache.,fever.,cough.,cold.,catch,a cold,3.回答生病情况：I have got a headach,2),就此病症提出合理建议,Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day.,Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days.,Its nothing serious.,Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days.,Dont be so tired.,2) 就此病症提出合理建议,4.,提问某人的爱好,：,What s your hobby?,回答爱好：,My hobby is,collecting fans/tickets.,collecting stamps/model cars.,writing.,playing basketball.,swimming.,running.,singing.,4.提问某人的爱好：回答爱好：My hobby is co,5.,提问人的相貌,：,What does.look like?,6.,提问人的性格,：,What is . like?,7.,到该做什么事的时候了。,Its time to do sth.,Its time for sth.,7. 到该做什么事的时候了。,8.,提建议用语,：,Why not,do,sth.?,Why dont you,do,sth.?,What/How about sth. /,doing,sth.?,Its best,to do,sth.,Youd better,do,sth.,You should,do,sth.,8. 提建议用语：,五、词 类,1.,动词,6.,形容词、副词,2.,系动词,7.,数词,3.,代词,8.,频率副词,4.,不定代词,9.,介词,5.,连词,10.,疑问词,五、词 类1. 动词6. 形容词、副词,1.,动词,(,谓语,),He,watches,TV,every day,.,He,is watching,TV,now,.,He,watched,TV,a moment ago,.,1.动词He watches TV every day.,动词,(,非谓语,),He,enjoys,watching,TV.,Jim,makes,me,laugh,.,I,wanted,to see,it again.,动词He enjoys watching TV.,2.,系动词,(+,形容词的动词,),lookbe,turn get,soundbecome,tastefeel,smell,2.系动词 (+形容词的动词)lookbe,1) Jims idea,sounds,nice,.,2) Kate,looks,taller,.,3) I,feel,nervous,now.,4) Beijing,becomes,bigger,.,5) The days,get,long,.,6) The cake,tastes,delicious,.,1) Jims idea sounds nice.,3.,不定代词,1.,other, others,the other, the others,another,One., the other.,any other,2.,one, ones, ones,3. somethingsomebody / someone,anythinganybody / anyone,everythingeverybody / everyone,nothingnobody / no one,3.不定代词1. other, others, the o,5. 连 词,1. and 7. when,2. but 8. before,3. or 9. after,4. so 10. as,5. though 11. if,6. because,5. 连 词1. and 7. when,用,and, when, because, but, or, so,though before, after, if,填空,1.,Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese.,2.,_ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.,3.,Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.,Because,and,but,用and, when, because, but, or,4.,Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow.,5.,_it is raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the field.,6.,I can help you _ I have time.,用,and, when, because, but, or, so,though before, after, if,填空,Though,before,if,4. Everyone must be here _,7.,_ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while.,8.,We must be quick, _ we cant follow them.,9. To catch the early bus, _ I got up very early this morning.,用,and, when, because, but, or, so,though before, after, if,填空,so,or,After,7. _ getting up, I always,10.,_ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.,11.,_ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?,用,and, when, because, but, or, so,though before, after, if,填空,If,When,10. _ the teacher came in,6.,形容词、副词,形容词与副词的转换,在词尾处,+ ly,y,结尾时,去,y + ily,有的,e,结尾的单词,需去,y + ly,，有的则直接,+ly,。,quickquick,ly,2. eas,y,-eas,ily,3.terribl,e,-terrib,ly,4. tru,e,-tru,ly,5.brav,e,-brav,ely,6. carefu,l,-careful,ly,6.形容词、副词形容词与副词的转换在词尾处+ lyy结尾时,形容词、副词的使用,形容词,副词,修饰,名词,修饰,动词、形容词,They are,clever,boys,.,I prefer,long,hair,.,It,really,sounds,nice.,They work,very,hard,.,形容词、副词的使用形容词副词修饰名词修饰动词、形容词They,7.,数词,数词,基数词变序数词,百,千,万,的表达,几分之几,用来表达时、分,用来表达年、月、日,7. 数词数词基数词变序数词百,千,万,的表达几分之几用来表,8.,频率副词,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,8. 频率副词alwaysusuallyoftensomet,用,How often,对它们进行提问。,他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。,I,always,have milk for breakfast.,I,usually,have eggs for breakfast.,I,often,have noodles for it.,I,sometimes,have fruits for it.,I,seldom,have rice for it.,I,never,have meat in the morning.,用How often 对它们进行提问。 I always,9.,与,时间,相关的,介词,for,时间段前,in,某年、某月前,on,具体日子、节日、,生日、星期几前,at,某分，某时前,当“,早上、下午、晚上,”,被修饰,时不用,in,而用,on,.,9. 与时间相关的介词for 时间段前in 某年、某月前o,表示,方位的,介词：,某物处在某处的,东南西北,。,north,south,west,northeast,southeast,northwest,southwest,east,The Position,表示方位的介词：northsouthwestnortheas,in, to, on,的区别,on,某处在某处之,内,某处与某处,相接壤,某处在某处之,外,in,to,in, to, on 的区别on 某处在某处之内某处与某处相,with,的多种用法,do sth.,with,sb./ sth.,a girl,with,long hair,a room,with,two doors,a city,with,large population,be busy,with,sth.,be popular,with,.,be,with,a style of.,talk,with,sb.,help sb.,with,sth.,an action movie,with,Jackie Chan,Whats wrong / the matter,with,.?,with 的多种用法do sth. with sb./ st,10.,疑问词,10. 疑问词,六、易混淆的词、词组,What is .like?,What does.look like?,1.,2.,3.,what to do,how to do,wake up,wake sb. up,4.,5.,there be,have / has,join,take part in.,六、易混淆的词、词组What is .like?1.2.,6.,7.,8.,in the east of.,to the east of.,trip,travel,other, others,the other, the others,One., the other., another,any other schools,any other school,易混淆的词、词组,6.7.8.in the east of.tripoth,9.,10.,11.,12.,stop to do sth.,stop doing sth.,as well as,except,besides,a little, little, a bit,a bit of. a few, few,get to.,arrive in / at.,reach,13.,too much,much too,14.,by car,take a car,9.10.11.12.stop to do sth.as w,15.,16.,excited, interested, amazed,exciting, interesting, amazing,Its time to . .,Its time for. .,18.,noise, voice, sound,19.,hear, listen, listen to,20.,say, tell, talk, speak,21.,read, watch, see, look, look at,17.,like,as,15.16.excited, interested, ama,八、易,错,的词,+doing,还有,介词,busy,finish enjoy spend keep prefer practice,make,let,+do,+doing,plan,order,decide,want,ask,+to do,八、易错的词+doing还有介词busyfinish,1.,Without,thinking,more, he left here.,2.I cant,finish writing,it in only a few minutes.,3.Everyone is,busy getting,ready for the final exams.,4.Mother always,spends,much time,doing,such foolish things.,5.Jim was good,at dancing,when he was young.,6.Lets,practice speaking,English, OK?,1.Without thinking more, he le,九、不易用对的词,enough,(,名词,前,),enough,water,enough,books,enough,time,enough,people,enough,(,形容词、副词,后,),tall,enough,strong,enough,good,enough,big,enough,九、不易用对的词 enough enough,十、形容词,与,不定代词,的位置,something,easy,hard, important.,anything,useful,interesting, funny.,nothing,difficult,cheap, amazing, exciting.,十、形容词与不定代词的位置something easy,Where there is a will ,there is a way.,Where there is a will ,there i,谢谢！,谢谢！,
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