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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?,Grammar Focus,The object clause,一、宾语从句的概念,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。,We know,Mr,Green teaches English.,She asked,if these answers were right.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词）,语 序,时 态,Review,连词,that,不能省略的几种情况,1.,从句的主语是,that,。如：,He says that that is a real kings hat.,他说那是一个真的王冠。,2.that,从句中含有主从复合句。如：,Im afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.,3.,主、从句之间有插入语时。如：,It says here,on this card,that it was used in plays.,卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。,4.,若出现两个或两上以上的由,that,引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词,that,可以省略。如：,She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring her son.,她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。,.if,和,whether,的区别,二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：,1.,宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用,whether,，不用,if,。如：,Whether this is true or not,I cant say.,这是否对，我不能说。,2.,宾语从句与,or not,直接连用时，应用,whether,，不能用,if,。如：,I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow.,我不知道他明天是否来。,3.,与动词不定式连用时，只能用,whether,。如：,She cant decide whether to go to America.,她不能决定是否去美国。,4.,从句作介词宾语时，只能用,whether,。如：,I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,我担心是否伤了她的感情。,5.,宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用,if,，不能用,whether,。如：,Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.,汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。,6.if,意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而,whether,没有这个用法。如：,If Simon comes here tomorrow,Ill call you.,假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。,1.Uncle Wang came up to see,_,there was anything wrong with the machine.,2.The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.,if/whether,whether,3.I dont know _ to go or stay.,4._ that is true,what should we do?,whether,If,5._ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.,Whether,Complete the sentences with,if,/,whether,.,Object clauses with,wh,-,questions,Excuse me,do you know,where I can buy some medicine,?,Cloud you tell me,how to get to the post office,?,Can you tell me,when the band starts playing this evening,?,I wonder,where we should go next,.,Read the sentences below,paying attention to the underlined parts.,I wonder,when the park closes today,.,Could you tell me,where the restrooms are first,?,Do you know,where we can get some good food quickly,?,Lets ask,what time the band starts,.,（,一）连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词，疑问词就是连接词，并且不能省略。,I ask,what,you are doing now.,我问你现在正在干什么？,（二）词序。用“,特殊疑问词,+,陈述句,”的词序，与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同。,He didnt tell me,when we would meet again,.,他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。,连接词,宾语从句是由陈述句转化成的，连接词用,that,；,宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化成的，连接词用,if,或,whether,；,宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化成的，连接词直接用特殊疑问词,(,如,who,what,why,where,whose),做引导词，后面变为陈述语序。,总结感悟,如：,I wonder if he is a driver.,我想知道他是否是个司机。,Do you know where I can get a dictionary?,你知道我在哪里能买到词典吗？,语序,不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述句语序，即从句的连接词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序。当连接词做主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。,I shall write to you,what I want to say,.,我会写给你我想说的话。,I dont know,who wants to borrow these magazines,.,我不知道谁想借这些杂志。,时态,（,1,）如果主句是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句可根据句意的需要而选用任何一种时态。,（,2,）若主句是,一般过去时,时,，宾语从句用表示过去的某种时态。,（,3,）,当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理时，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用,一般现在,时态,。,The teacher said(that)the earth goes around the sun.,提示：,时态,主句和从句的时态须保持一致。如果主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择各种时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句只能用过去的某种时态,(,包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等,),。,Im sorry to hear that your mother is ill.,听说你母亲病了，我很难过。,She didnt know that Tom had left for Shanghai.,她不知道汤姆已去了上海。,宾语,从句的注意事项,1.,引导词及语序的变化规律,句式,引 导 词,语序,陈述句,that(,口语中常省略,),不,变,一般疑问句,if/whether,陈,述语序,特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词,陈述语序,2.,当主句谓语动词为,think,，,suppose,，,guess,believe,等,并且主语为,第,一,人称,时，从句的否定词应转移为对主句谓语动词的否定,即否定前移。,I dont think she cares,does she?,You dont think she cares,do you?,He doesnt think he cares,does he?,3.“,两副面孔”,if,和,when,等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。因此，碰到此种情况要认真分析。当从句表示将来时，若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时代替将来时。,If it rains tomorrow,I wont come.,（时间状语从句）,I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.,（宾语从句）,宾语从句用法,宾语从句需注意，几点事项应牢记。,一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。,陈述句子用,that,；一般疑问是否（,if,whether,）替；,特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。,二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。,三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。,巧学妙记,Excuse me,do you know where I can buy some medicine?,Sure.Theres a supermarket down the street.,Could you please tell me how to get to the post office?,Sorry,Im not sure how to get there.,Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening?,It starts at 8:00 p.m.,I wonder where we should go next.,You should try that new ride over there.,Grammar Focus,4a Rewrite the questions to make them,more polite.,Where can I buy some grapes or other fruit?,Excuse me,could you please tell me where,I can buy some grapes or other fruit?,How does this CD player work?,Excuse me,could you please tell me how this,CD player works?,3.How do I get to the Central Library?,Excuse me,could you please tell me how to get,to the Central Library?,4.Is the Italian restaurant nearby open on,Mondays?,Excuse me,could you please tell me if the,Italian restaurant nearby is open on Mondays?,4b What should each person ask in the,following situations?,1.Tim is very hungry.,Could you tell me where I can get something,to eat?,Excuse me,would you mind telling me how I,can get to a nearby restaurant?,Pardon me,do you know if theres a restaurant,around here?,Sally needs to mail a letter.,Excuse me,could
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