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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高三英语语法专项复习,冠词,冠词，顾名思义，就是戴在名词头上的一顶帽子。它是虚词，本身不能单独使用，只能附在一个名词上帮助说明这名词的含义。英语中冠词有两个，一是定冠词（,the Definite Article,），翻译成“这个”或“这些”；一是不定冠词（,the Indefinite Article,）,译作“一个”或“一类”,比如：我们说“书”用“,book”,是对的，但是，放在一个句子里，如：,There is book on the desk.,This is book,I bought there.,以上两句就是错句,a,the,定语从句,1.,(2013,福建高考,),The“Chinese,Dream”is,dream to improve peoples well-being and,dream of harmony,peace and development.,A.the;aB.a;a C.a;theD.the;the,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查冠词。句意,:,中国梦是一个提高人民幸福的梦,也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。两个空都表示泛指,故都用,a,。,2.,(2013,新课标全国卷,)Four and,half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and,break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.,A.a;a,B,.the;,the C,.,不填,;the,D,.a;,不填,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查冠词。句意,:,四个半小时的讨论让我们待到半夜,中间休息时,吃了一些奶酪和巧克力,喝了加糖的茶。表示“四个半”,英语用,four and a half;break,表示“中间休息”时,常用单数形式,在其前面加不定冠词。由此可知选,A,。,3.,(2013,山东高考,)It was,cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across,night sky.,A.,不填,;a B.a;the,C.the;a D.the;,不填,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查冠词。句意,:,这是一个寒冷的冬夜,月亮在黑暗的夜空中闪闪发光。第一空属于泛指,这是一个寒冷的冬夜,;,第二空,sky,为独一无二的事物,用定冠词,the,所以选,B,。,4.,(2013,重庆高考,)The parents were shocked by,news that their son needed,operation on his knee.,A.a;/B.the;/,C.the;an D.a;an,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查冠词。句意,:,父母被儿子膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。这个消息特指“儿子膝盖需要动手术的消息”,故使用定冠词,the;“,手术”为可数名词并且是泛指,名词,operation,以元音音素开头,故使用,an,。,5.,(2013,陕西高考,)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on,_,Pacific,Ocean on his way to Java in,thirteenth century.,A.the;a B.a;,不填,C.,不填,;the,D.the;the,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查冠词。句意,:,据说,在,13,世纪马可,波罗在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行过。通常在江河湖海等名词前加定冠词,the;,第二个空在序数词前,表特指,用定冠词,the,。故选,D,。,6.,(2013,新课标全国卷,)India,attained,_,independence in 1947,after,_,long struggle.,A.,不填,;a B.the;a,C.an;,不填,D.an;the,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查冠词。句意,:,印度在长期抗争后,于,1947,年获得独立。,independence,是不可数名词,在其前面通常不加冠词,;struggle,表示“努力,奋斗”时,常用作可数名词,在其单数名词形式前面加不定冠词表示数量“一”。,7.,(2013,浙江高考,)People,develop,preference for a particular style of learning at,early age and these preferences affect learning.,A.a;an B.a;,不填,C.,不填,;the,D.the;an,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查冠词用法。句意,:,人们在年龄很小的时候养成了对某种学习方式的偏爱,而这些偏爱又影响着学习。首先第一个空用,a,因为,have/develop a preference for.,为固定句型,;,第二个空仍然用不定冠词,因为此时,age,并不是特定的,而是不定的。故选,A,。,热点考向,1,定冠词的常考用法,:,(1),用于特指,表示特定的人或物,尤其是当说话人再次谈到第一次提到的某名词时,此时要用,the,表示特指,;,(2),用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级前,;,(3),用于姓氏复数前,表示姓某姓的一家人或夫妇二人,;,(4),用于年代、朝代、时代的名词或由普通名词组成的专用名词前,;,(5),用于表示江河、山脉、海洋、地球等独一无二的东西以及表示方位或发明物的名词前,;,(6),用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物,;,(7),用在表示两个人或事物中比较,的一个,;,(8),用在表示计量单位的名词前,如,by the day,by the dozen,by the hour,by the yard,等,;,(9)“,动词,+sb.+,介词,+the+,身体部位名词”结构中的,the,不可用人称代词替换。,2.,不定冠词的常考用法,:,(1),用于单数可数名词前,表示数量“一”,;,在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加,a,an,表示“一份,一阵,一场,一类”等,;,(2),用于抽象名词具体化的情况,;,(3)a,an,与比较级连用在否定句中表示最高级意义,;,(4),用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”,;,(5),在专有名词前表示“某一个”,相当于,a certain;,(6),用于“,a+most,+,形容词,+,名词”结构,译为“一个非常,的,”,。,3.,零冠词的常考用法,:,(1),表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词时不用冠词,;,(2),表示四季、星期、月、节假日、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科名词、交通方式等名词前,;,(3),表示头衔、职务的名词在充当句中同位语、表语和补足语时,名词前不用冠词,;,(4)as/though,引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的是名词置于名词前面,通常单数名词前不用冠词,;,(5)no,与,such,连用修饰名词时,such,之后的名词采用零冠词用法。,【,真题变式,】,用适当的冠词填空。,(2012,重庆高考,)Sam has been appointed _manager of,the engineering department to take _place of George.,(2012,安徽高考,)Carl is studying _food science at,college and hopes to open up_ meat processing factory of his,own one day.,(2012,全国卷,)He missed_ gold in the high jump,but,will get_ second chance in the long jump.,(2011,江西高考,)Its said John will be in a job paying,over$60,000_year.,Right,he will also get paid by _ week.,不填,the,不填,a,the,a,a,the,热点考向,5,冠词的固定搭配,1.,在下列短语中,常用不定冠词,a,an,而不能用定冠词,the,也不能将其省略。常见的有,:,a collection of,have a gift for,in a hurry,once in a while go on a diet offer/give sb.a lift,all of a sudden make a choice at a loss,a waste of time/money a matter of,come to an end have a bad cold,have a good/hard/pleasant time,have a knowledge of(,知道,精通,了解,),(,have)a,deep/better understanding of,2.,在一些习惯搭配中,常用定冠词,the,且不能省略。常见的有,:,make the best of,in the end,in the habit of,on the phone in the distance,on,the other hand,to tell the truth on the radio by the way,for the time being,3.,在一些成对出现的短语和某些固定短语中名词前不用冠词。常见的有,:,come to light,at noon,come to,power,out,of work,out,of order in,danger,out,of sight ahead of time,in,debt,under,repair,by,mistake,catch,fire,day and night on second,thoughts,come,straight to point,【,真题变式,】,用适当的冠词填空。,(2012,江西高考,)The Smiths don,t usually like staying at,_hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very,nice hotel,by_sea,.,(2012,辽宁高考,)I woke up,with_bad,headache,yet,by_evening,the pain had gone.,不填,the,a,the,【,命题小试,】,请根据以下内容命制一道考查冠词的题目。,On seeing the gift they wanted,the kids screamed with delight.,【,参考答案,】,On seeing,gift they wanted,the kids,screamed with,delight.,A./;a,B.a;the,C.the;/,D.the;a,【,解析,】,选,C,。第一个空中提到的,gift,为特指,故要用定冠词,the;,而第二空后的名词,delight,为抽象名词,其前通常不用冠词,。,易错点,1,抽象名词前误用冠词,(,母题,)(2010,福建高考,)Its,good feeling for people to,admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them,pleasure.,A.,不填,;a,B.a;,不填,C.the;a,D.a;the,【,解析,】,选,B,。句意,:,对于人们来说,欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。,feeling,指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词,;pleasure“,愉快,高兴”,通常用作不可数名词,。,(,变式,)For some women,shopping is not only an es
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