名词与主谓一致网

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/12/7,#,名词与主谓一致,刘晶晶,名词,一、可数名词与不可数名词,1,、可数名词,可数名词包括个体名词与集体名词，,都有单数和复数形式，,且单数变为复数有规则和不规则两种构成形式。,（,1,）规则变化,大多数名词直接在名词后加,s,构成。,以,s.x.ch.sh,结尾的名词后加,es,，读,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的名词，变,y,为,i,，再加,es,，读,以,f/fe,结尾的名词，变,f/fe,为,v,，再加,es,，读,以辅音字母,+o,结尾的名词，其复数多加,es,构成，读,以,th,结尾的词，直接在词后加,s,，,ths,在长元音后读，在短元音后读,请在此输入您的标题,请在此输入您的文本。请在此输入您的文本。,改变单数名词中的元音字母,foot/feet woman/women man/men,tooth/teech mouse/mice goose/geese,在词尾加,en/,其他,ox/oxen child/children,crisis/crises medium/media phenomenon/phenomena,单复数形式相同,sheep,、,dear,、,fish,、,means,（方法）、,works,（著作）,aircraft,（飞行器）、,series,（系列）、,species,（物种）,（,2,）不规则变化,只有复数形式的名词,clothes trousers glasses,眼睛,goods,货物,thanks shorts,短裤,scissors ashes,灰尘,compasses,圆规,remains,遗物遗体,contents,目录,congratulations,恭喜,以上名词表示数量时，需加上相应单位名词。,a pair of scissors a suit of clothes,（,2,）不规则变化,表示某国人的单复数形式,A.,单复数同形，此类词包括所有以,ese/ss,结尾的民族名称,Chinese Japanese Swiss Portuguese,B.,词尾加,s,German/Germans American/Americans,Roman/Romans Russian/Russians,Pole/Poles European/Europeans,African Asian Australian Canadian Italian,Belgian Greek Swede Arab Hungarian,C.,把,man,变为,men,如,Frenchman-Frenchmen,，,Englishman-Englishmen,（,2,）不规则变化,复合名词的复数变化,A.,由两个名词构成的复合词，在第二个名词后加,s,store-keepers boy-friends tooth-brushes girl-writers,B.,以,“,可数名词,+,介词（短语）,”,构成的复合名词，在名词部分加,s,sisters-in-law passers-by prisoners-of-war,但,grown-ups,和,breakdowns,是例外。,C.,以,man/woman,为前缀的复合名词变成复数形式，前后两部分都变,woman singer/women singers,man cook/men cooks,（,2,）不规则变化,有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义,customs,海关,letters,文学,papers,报纸,/,文件,goods,货物,forces,军队,times,时代,spirits,酒精,/,情绪,works,著作,sands,沙滩,irons,脚镣手铐,drinks,饮料,manners,礼貌,greens,青菜,hairs,几根头发,peoples,人民,/,民族,looks,外表,glasses,眼镜,waters,水域,（,2,）不规则变化,不可数名词包括物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词，,一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。,以下名词常用做不可数名词，注意不要使用复数或在加,a/an,，其谓语动词须用单数形式。,advice furniture clothing fun rubbish,information paper trouble weather water,rice snow knowledge sugar work,fruit harm news progress ice,luck honesty grass housework,glass coffee dust bread air,wealth baggage/luggage homework,不可数名词不能直接用冠词,/,数词修饰，而应与某些特点的单位名词连用，来表示,“,量,”,的概念。,a piece of news/advice/meat/paper/information/,chalk/bread/music/furniture/work/wood/cakes.,a article of clothing/furniture.,a bottle of ink/milk/wine.,a sheet of paper/cloth.,a loaf of bread.,a cup of /a glass of/a head of.,一些物质名词有时以复数形式出现表示不同类别,a lot of fruit,许多水果,fruits,各种水果,fishes,各种各样的鱼,foods,各种食物,某些特殊词可数与不可数要根据词意而定。,可数（复数）,不可数,paper,报纸、文件、试卷、论文,纸张,room,房间,空间、余地,fish,各种鱼类,鱼、鱼肉,work,作品、工艺、工事,工作、劳动,time,次数、倍数、时代,时间,cloth,表示专门用途的布,布,glass,玻璃杯、眼镜,玻璃,wood,一片森林,木头,water,水的流量、容积,水,iron,熨斗,铁,二、名词所有格及,of,的用法,有生命的事物名词的所有格,（,1,）单数名词在词后加,s,my mother,s,bag the horse,s,tail,（,2,）不以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格，在名词右上方加,students,book,（,3,）不以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词后加,s,Women,s,Day,（,4,）复合名词的所有格，在后面的名词加,s,my brother-in-laws,s,car,（,5,）两人共有,Mary and Tom,s,room,两人不共有,Mary,s,and Tom,s,fathers,（,6,）表示店铺、某人的家、私人开的餐馆等，一般省略后面名词,at the doctor,s,at the tailor,s,at the barber,s,to Mr Green,s,（,7,）起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用,s,coffee cups room number a tooth brush,word orderschool life,The bicycle shop is just around the corner and you wont miss it.,2,、无生命的事物名词的所有格,（,1,）,.of+n,the capital of China,the surface of the earth,（,2,）表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的,事物名词时，也可以用,s,表所有关系。,a ten minutes walktodays newspaper,Chinas populationthe stations waiting room,the schools history,（,3,）其他,当所修饰的名词前有,a,this,that,these,those,some,any,such,no,each,every,what,several,等词时，常用,“,of+,名词,s,”,，表示所有关系，,of,后面的名词一般都表示人，不能表示物。如,two friends of my sisters,，,that book of Lucys,等。,三、专有名词,专有名词是表示人民、地名、团体、机构、组织等专有的名称。专有名词一般表示独一无二的事物，第一字母要大些。,Thomas EdisonProfessor Zhang,DadBeijing,the Himalayasthe Sahara Desert,the United Nationsthe West Lake,Mount FujiLake Michigan,四、抽象名词具体化,表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一下、一顿等。,take a look a knowledge of English,have a sleep make an apology,an art have a good time,take a great interest in live a.life,a wonderful breakfastmake a difference to.,take/have a rest/break,（,2,）表示具有某种特征、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人,/,事。,a surprise,一件奇异的事,a pleasure,乐事,a beauty,美人,a wonder,一个奇迹,a success,一件成功的事情,He is a failure.,他是个失败者。,Its a pity.,真可惜。,五、名词做定语,名词做定语常用于表示时间、地点、用途、性质、材料、用途等情况。,an evening dresscomputer studies,summer holidaysa food factory,a cock year stampstone figures,city life gold medals,a government officesports shoes,traffic lightsweight problems,a chemistry laba weather report,boy friendschool gate,a goods traina savings bank,honours studentssales girl,a politics teacherClassroom Building,有连字符号的复合名词做定语用单数,a three-year-old boy,a three years old boy,a boy of three years old,a ten-mile walk,a ten miles walk,六、名词的搭配用法,由名词跟动词或介词搭配构成的固定用法,make friends withshake hands with,have words with/have a word with,keep in touch withput.into practice/use,get into the habit of take a rest/seat/photo,take pride/pleasure intake steps/measures,make fun ofcome into being/use,go on a voyagemake progress/tea/coffee,do ones some reading/washing/cleaning.,do ones lessons/duty/homework/hair.,in sight/danger/order/use,in ones favor,out of sight/order,out of question/out of the question,make a b