高考英语语法--数词及其用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,数词及其用法,数词的分类,:,主要分为基数词和序数词,表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,表示顺序的数词叫序数词,基数词,:,A,从,1-10,one,，,two,，,three,，,four,，,five,，,six,，,seven,，,eight,，,nine,，,ten,B,从,11-19,eleven,，,twelve,，,thirteen,，,fourteen,，,fifteen,，,sixteen,，,seventeen,，,eighteen,，,nineteen,这里除,eleven,，,twelve,，,thirteen,，,fifteen,，,eighteen,为特殊形式外,其余都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀,-teen,构成,.,C,从,21-99,整数几十中除,twenty,，,thirty,forty,，,fifty,，,eighty,为特殊形式外，,sixty,，,seventy,，,ninety,都是其个位数形式后添加后缀,-,ty,构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基,数词,形式之间,添加连字符,-,21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six,D,百位数,个数基,数词,后加,hundred,，表示几百,;,在几十几与百位间加上,and,(200 two hundred,101 a/one hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight),E,千位数以上,从数字的,右端向左端,数起，每三位数加一个逗号,“,，,”,。从右开始，第一个,“,，,”,前的数字后添加,thousand,，第二个,“,，,”,前面的数字后添加,million,，第三个,“,，,”,前的数字后添加,billion,然后一节一节分别表示。,2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight,16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four,5,237,166,234 five billion,，,two hundred and thirty-seven million,，,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,，,two hundred and thirty-four,基,数词,在表示,确切,的数字时，,不能,使用,dozen(12),、,score(20),、,hundred,、,thousand,、,million,、,billion,的,复数,形式；但是，当基,数词,表示,不确切,数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基,数词,则以复数形式出现。,two,dozen,eggs,three,score,of,girls/three score days,six,thousand,hundreds,of,dozens,of,thousands,of,tens of thousands of,million,s of,in twos and threes,sixes and sevens,2,）基数词一般是,单数,形式，但下列情况，常用复数：,a.,与,of,短语连用，表示,概数,，不能与具体数目连 用，如,scores of people,指许多人；,b.,在一些表示,一排,或,一组,的词组里；,如：,They arrived,in twos and threes,.,他们三三两两的到达了。,c.,表示,几十岁,；,in ones thirties,d.,表示,年代,，用,in+the+,数词复数；,in the 1980s,e.,在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：,3 x 5=15 Three,fives,is(are)fifteen.,基,数词,的句法功能,基,数词,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。,The two happily opened the box,两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语）,I need three altogether,我总共需要三个。（作宾语）,Four students are playing volleyball outside,四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语）,We are sixteen,我们是,16,个人。（作表语）,They three tried to finish the task before sunset,他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语）,序数词的主要形式,：,A,从第一至第十九,one-first,，,two-second,，,three-third,，,five-fifth,，,eight-eighth,，,nine-ninth,，,twelve-twelfth,为特殊形式，其它的序,数词,都是由其相对应的基,数词,后面添加,“,th,”,构成。例如：,six-sixth,、,nineteen-nineteenth,B,从第二十至第九十九,整数第几十的形式由其对应的基,数词,改变结尾字母,y,为,i,，再加,“eth”,构成。,twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth,表示第几十几时，用几十的基,数词,形式加上连字符,“,”,和,个位序,数词,形式,一起表示,thirty-first,第三十一,fifty-sixth,第五十六,seventy-third,第七十三,ninety-ninth,第九十九,C,第一百以上的多位序,数词,由基,数词,的形式变结尾部分为序,数词,形式来表示。,one hundredth,第一百,one hundred and twenty-first,第一百二十一,one thousand,，,three hundred and twentieth,第一千三百二十,D,序,数词,的缩写形式,有时，序,数词,可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。,first-,lst,second-2nd third-3rd,fourth-4th sixth-6th twentieth-20th,twenty-third-23rd,其中,lst,，,2nd,，,3rd,为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上,th,序数词的句法功能,序,数词,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。,The second is what I really need,第二个是我真正需要的。（作主语）,He choose the second,他挑选了第二个。（作宾语）,We are to carry out the first plan,我们将执行第一个计划。（作定语）,She is the second in our class,在我们班她是第二名。（作表语）,序,数词,在使用时，通常,前面,要加,定冠词,the,；但是如果序,数词,前出现不定冠词,a,或,an,时,，则表示,再,-,，,又,-,。,We,ll,go over it a second time,We,ve,tried it three times,Must we try it a fourth time?,表示日期用序,数词,May 5,五月五日（读作,May,fifth,）,也可以表示为,the fifth,（,5th,）,of May,序号表示法,（,1,）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加,number,简写为,No.,。如：,No.1,第一号,（,2,）事物名词的序号表达法有所不同：,对于一些,小序号,可有序数词也可用基数词表达,，形式分别为：,the+,序数词,+,名词；名词,+,基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为,the First World War,或,World War One,Lesson 8=the eighth lesson,对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即,名词,+,数词,。如：,501,号房间表示为,Room 501,538,路公共汽车表示为,Bus 538,。,可用,a/the+number+,基数词,+,名词。如：,a No.5 bus,一辆五路公共汽车，,the No.8 bus,那辆,8,路公共汽车。,分数表示法,分数是由基,数词,和序,数词,一起来表示的。,基,数词,作分子，序,数词,作分母,，,除了分子是,“1”,以外,，其它情况下序,数词,都要用复数形式。,3/4 three fourths,或,three quarters 1/3 one third,或,a third,24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths,3 1/4,three and one fourth,或,three and one quarter 1/2 a half,1/4 one quarter,或,a quarter,1 1/2,one and a half,百分数用基数,percent,表示,50,fifty percent,3,three percent,分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词,，而用以下形式：分数,/,百分数,of+the/these/those/my+,名词,/,代词,其谓语动词与,of,后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：,Two-thirds,of,the money was spent on food.,Seventy percent,of,the earth surface is covered by water.,One third of the students are from the town.,分数的其它表达形式,：,分子与分母之间加,in,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：,one in ten,十分之一，,five in eight,八分之五。,分子与分母之间加,out of,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：,one out of ten,十分之一，,five out of eight,八分之五,小数表示法,小数用基,数词,来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；,小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读,；小数点读作,point,，,o,读作,zero,或,o,，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读,.0.4 zero point four,或,point four,零点四,10.23 ten point two three,十点二三,25.67 twenty-five point six seven,二十五点六七,l.03 one point o three,一点零三,倍数的表达方式,once,twice,three times,four times,（,1,）倍数用在,as+,形容词,/,副词（原级）,+as,结构,之前,。如：,They have three times as many cows as we do.,（,2,）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级,之前,或,by+,倍数用在比较级之后,。如：,This rope is four times longer than that one.,They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice.,The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.,（,3,）倍数用在表示,度量名词前,，其基本结构为：倍数,+the+size/length/weight +of+,表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数,+what,引导的从句中。如：,This room is three times the size of that one.,The college is twice what