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level,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,项脊轩志,项脊轩志,归有光,一,、题解与作家作品,看注解,。补充:,项脊轩志,是散文家归有光的代表作。项脊轩,书斋名,是作者家中一个只有一丈见方的斗室。为什么给书斋取这样一个名字呢?据说有双重意思:一是说它窄小,如在项脊之间;一是因作者远祖归隆道曾在江苏太仓县的项脊泾住过,作者自号项脊生,又把自己的书斋题名为,“,项脊轩,”,,含怀宗追远之意。轩,小室;志,记。,归有光自幼苦读,九岁能属文,但仕途不顺,,35,岁才中举人,其后二十余年,八次会试不第。于是移居嘉定安亭江上,读书讲学。他的学生很多,称他为“震川先生”。到,60,岁才中进士,授县令职。,归有光虽然仕途不得意,但他博览群书,在散文创作方面有很深的造诣,是明代杰出的散文家。他反对明朝中期前、后七子的“文必秦汉,诗必盛唐”的拟古主义主张,自称“好古文辞,然不与世之为古文者合”;反对“拾人之涕唾”,提倡“独出于胸臆”,强调真实感情。他的这种文风,发扬了唐宋古文的优良传统,后人把他和唐顺之、茅坤等人并称为“唐宋派”,而他的成就最高。,他的散文受司马迁和欧阳修的影响很大,但有他自己的特色。黄宗羲誉为“明文第一”,当时人称“今之欧阳修”。,归有光的散文对清代影响很大,清代散文的主流是桐城派。桐城派的主要代表人物之一姚鼐认为,归有光直承唐宋八大家之后,元明两代除归氏外别无他人,并把他视为唐宋八大家和桐城派之间的一座桥梁。,归有光善于用疏淡的笔墨,描写生活中常常接触的事物,以及家人、亲友之间的一,些琐,碎事情,,随笔,点染都富于深情,所以感,染力很强,。我们今天要学习的,项,脊轩,志,,就是属于这种性质的抒情散文。,文体知识,1.,归有光字熙甫,号,,别号,,世称,,明朝后期著名散文家,著有,文集,,代表作除,项脊轩志,外,有,、,、,。其文风后人评价曰:“不事雕琢而自有风味。”具体而言,选材上多着眼于,,以此表现母子、夫妻、兄弟等之间的深情,文笔,、,,感情,,,细节,。其散文对清代的,派影响很大。,2.“,志”即“记”,是古代一种,、,的文体,本文是一篇借记物以叙事抒情的散文名篇,即借写,的兴废,写与之有关的日常生活和,,表达,、,的感慨以及对,、,和,的深切怀念。,震川,项脊生,震川先生,震川,先妣事略,思子亭记,寒花葬志,家庭琐事,清淡朴素,真挚深沉,生动传神,桐城,叙事,抒情,项脊轩,家庭琐事,物在人亡,三世变迁,祖母,母亲,妻子,自然亲切,二、朗读课文,疏通文意。,注音读音:,渗漉,sh,n l,修葺(q,) 垣(yu,n)墙,栏楯(shn),偃(yn)仰,啸(xi,o)歌,兀(w,)坐,斑驳(b,),异爨(cu,n),老妪(y,),婢(b,)女 汝姊(z),门扉(fi) 呱呱(g) 阖(h,)门,象笏(h,) 长号(h,o) 扃牖(jingyu),补充注释:,(,1,)不能得日:得到阳光。,(,2,)万籁有声:一切声音都听得到。,(,3,)日过午已昏:屋里光线昏暗。,(,4,)庭阶寂寂:少有人迹。,(,5,)庭中通南北为一:整体。,(,6,)凡再变矣:凡,总共;再:两次。,(,7,)相为应答:为她做出回答。,(,8,)何竟日默默在此:整天。,二、讲读课文,朗读第段。提问:文章开头,作者是怎样具体地写他的书斋项脊轩的小、旧、破漏而又阴暗的?,明确:,写项脊轩的小:旧称,“,阁子,”,,,“,室仅方丈,可容一人居,”,,容,容纳;,接着写旧:直接点明是,“,百年老屋,”,;,写破漏:,“,尘泥渗漉,雨泽下注,”,,以至于,“,每移案,顾视无可置者,”,则又见其小;,写阴暗:,“,北向,不能得日,日过午已昏,”,。,点拨:这样写,形象而具体,能给人以很深的印象。特别是,“,每移案,顾视无可置者,”,一句,尤为生动。屋顶上东也漏,西也漏,每次搬动书桌,看来看去没有可以安放的地方,显得有点狼狈。,提问:作者对这样的书斋,是怀着怎样的感情来写的?,明确:作者并没有嫌弃它,鄙薄它,相反,对它却怀有眷恋之情。,点拨:开头这样写,还有一个作用,就是跟下面写修葺后的项脊轩形成鲜明的对照,使人感到他的小小书斋,颇有情趣,十分可爱,确是个读书的好地方,以便进一步表现出作者对它的喜爱。,提问:经过修葺后的项脊轩变得怎样了?,明确:变得不漏、不暗了。辟,开。垣墙周庭,在院子周围筑起了墙。庭院里又种植了兰、桂、竹等花木,原有的栏杆,“亦遂增胜”,也就此增添了光彩。,余稍为修葺,使不上漏。前辟四窗,,垣墙周庭,以当南日,日影反照,室始洞然。,借书满架,偃仰啸歌,冥然兀坐,万籁有声;而庭阶寂寂,小鸟时来啄食,人至不去。三五之夜,明月半墙,桂影斑驳,风移影动,珊珊可爱。,而庭阶寂寂,小鸟时来,啄食,人至不去。三五,之夜,明月半墙,桂影,班驳,风移影动,珊珊,可爱。,”,气氛幽雅静谧,,反衬,后日的孤寂与凄凉,。,又杂植兰桂竹木于庭,旧时栏 ,亦遂增胜。,提问:在这样环境里读书,你觉得如何?反复朗读下面几句来加深体会。,“,借书满架,偃仰啸歌,冥然兀坐,万籁有声;而庭阶寂寂,小鸟时来啄食,人至不去。三五之夜,明月半墙,桂影斑驳,风移影动,珊珊可爱。,”,“,借书满架,”,,足见轩中人的好学,书未必真的都是借来的。,“,偃仰啸歌,”,,见课文注释。其实这是极写读书之乐,只有当读书有所得的时候,才会高兴得这个样子。至于作者为什么一会儿又,“,静静地独自端坐着,”,呢?显然又是在进一步考虑书中的问题,有更大收获。,提问:“万籁有声”是什么意思?,指自然界发出的一切声响都能听到。籁,孔穴里发出的声音,也泛指声音。,是写环境幽静还是写喧嚣?,写幽静,。,“,万籁有声”与“万籁俱寂”哪一个更幽静?,“,万籁有声,”,是写作者凝神专思时书斋里静得连最细微的声音也能听到。以有声写无声,这与,“,蝉噪林愈静,鸟鸣山更幽,”,一样,以有声反衬,“,静,”,字。而这种静是有灵气的,“,幽静,”,,而不是一片,“,死寂,”,,真可谓,“,此时有声胜无声,”,。,下文写白天书斋的幽静,用小鸟啄食来点染;到了夜晚,书斋的景物、境界则更幽美,更静谧。写明月,用,“,半墙,”,来烘托;写桂树,以,“,斑驳,”,的倩影来描摹;接着,由静而动,写清风徐徐吹拂,用,“,影动,”,来衬托,又以,“,珊珊,”,(课文注为,“,美好的样子,”,,有的书上解作,“,形容树影晃动时轻盈、舒缓的样子,”,)之语来渲染,既描绘出桂树的摇曳多姿,又表露出作者心境的恬静、闲适。这是一幅多么幽雅、美好的画面!,这一段是课文的第一部分,写可喜事,记项脊轩内外的景物,着意写自己在轩中读书怡然自乐的情景。作者对项脊轩这种深挚的眷恋之情,是贯穿全篇的一条感情线索。这段写喜悦的心情,恰与下文写可悲的事相映照。,提问:“然余居于此,多可喜,亦多可悲。”这一句从文章的结构上说起什么作用?,由喜而悲,转为怀旧。这句从文章结构上说,承上启下。,默读课文第,3,段,划分层次并概括层意。,共分三层,第一层从,“,先是,”,至,“,凡再变矣。,”,先泛写项脊轩外的变化,是可悲事之一。,第二层从,“,家有老妪,”,到,“,语未毕,余泣,妪亦泣。,”,写轩内,回忆母亲遗事,是可悲事之二。,第三层从,“,余自束发读书轩中,”,到这一段末,继写轩内,回忆祖母遗事,是可悲事之三。,分析第一层提问:作者抓住了哪几个富于特征性的细节,写旧式大家庭的四分五裂之状的?,明确:写了“东犬西吠,客逾庖而宴,鸡栖于厅”这三件典型性的事情。,写三件典型性的事情,总共也不过用了个字,寥寥几笔,就把封建大家庭中分家后所产生的颓败、衰落、混乱不堪的情状和盘托出了。凡,总共;再变,变了两次。,分析第二层,(1),自由,朗读,作者幼年丧母,有些儿时往事不甚了解,所以借老奶妈之口道出,自然而真实,亲切而感人。特别是写到母亲关怀儿女,叩门问寒问暖:,“,儿寒乎?欲食乎?,”,情意缠绵,感人至深。虽仅一言半语,却纯是慈母心肠。这是一幅平常而又动人的生活画面!,分析第三层,自由阅读,束发,指童子尚未成年之时。古人在儿童时代把头发束起来,盘在头顶上。吾儿,我的孩子。若影,你的影子。竟日,整天,即一天到晚。作者写这个细节,巧妙地写了三个动人的场面。先是叙述祖母来到轩中只写了一句话,语气亲切而风趣,既表爱怜,又隐含着夸誉,表现了慈爱的长者对小辈的疼爱。次写祖母关门而去,喃喃自语,话中有些许忧虑,但更多的是相信,对孙子的功成名就充满着希望。,这话没有当着孙子的面讲,更见其期望殷切,情意真诚。接着写祖母,“,持一象笏至,”,,进一步表露了她对小辈的期望和鼓励。平平常常的几个场面,平平常常的几句话语,平平常常的几个动作,就把老祖母对孙儿极其疼爱、关怀的感情,写得淋漓尽致。足见作者摄取生活细节功力之深。这一段末一句,“,瞻顾遗迹,如在昨日,令人长号不自禁,”,,既是对回忆祖母遗事而言,也是对上一层回忆母亲遗事而说,结构谨严,感情真挚。,“,顷之,持一象笏至,,”,曰:,“,此吾祖太常公,宣德间执此以朝,他日汝当用之。,”,这个象笏是一件官宦人家才有的东西,并为,象牙制成,可见归有光的祖,上为官不小,在,朝堂之上面向皇帝陈说国事,是归家当年的,荣耀,老祖母的言行举止充分说明其对孙子,的深切期望。,朗读课文第,4,段。,这一段补叙一些琐事,写作者为项脊轩能长时期维持原状而感到欣慰。,朗读课文第,5,、,6,段(即最后两节),十几年后作者又补记了这一段,怀念死去的妻子,是可悲事之四。,提问:在写法上与上文有什么相同的地方?,明确:因为都是怀旧,所以情调和谐。怀念亡妻,同样是抓住了富于特征的日常生活中的琐事来写。例如,,“,吾妻来归,时至轩中,从余问古事,或凭几学书。,”“,吾妻归宁,述诸小妹语曰:,闻姊家有阁子,且何谓阁子也?,”,等等。,请再想一想,写法上还有什么相同的地方?,可写之事很多,但只写与项脊轩有关的事情,可见选材之严,取材之精。“吾妻归宁,述诸小妹语,”,更是生动,一种天真无邪的情态,跃然纸上。,文中没有,“,相亲相爱,”,或,“,相敬如宾,”,之类字眼,而伉俪深情自见。这种写法,是以当年小夫妻在轩内唱和相随的欢乐来衬托今日丧偶的悲哀。补写的这一段,就文意看,写到,“,自后余多在外,不常居,”,,也可以收束全篇了,不意下文又起波澜,转而写庭中一棵亭亭如盖的枇杷树,使文章的余韵悠然不尽。亭亭,高高耸立的样子。盖,伞。,提问:写感情,可以明写,也可以暗写。试联系上文举例说明。,明确:明写,如第一段里的“珊珊可爱”,第段末的“令人长号不自禁”等;暗写,如第段里的“某所,而母立于兹”和本段的“今已亭亭如盖矣”等。暗写的好处是含而不露,耐人寻味。,这个结尾,是画龙点睛之笔,睹物思人,抒发了物在人亡的感慨,使读者回味不尽,对项脊轩的印象也就更加深刻了。,朗读课文第、,5,、,6,段。,小结:以上,6,段是第二部分,写可悲事,着重回忆母亲、祖母和妻子的遗事,绘形绘声,颇能打动读者之心。,庭有枇杷树,吾妻死之年所手植也,今已亭亭如盖矣。,课文总结:,在这篇抒情散文中,作者通过对项脊轩前后变化的记述,写出了对于它的亲切感情,也写出了对于亲人的深沉怀念。作者对自己的书斋项脊轩的无限眷恋的感情,是贯穿全文的一条线索。无论写景、叙事或抒情,看来似乎信手拈来,散漫无章,但实际上都与项脊轩息息相关,由状物而怀人而抒情,三者融为一体,做到了形散神不散,这是本篇组织材料、安排结构的一大特点。或喜或悲之情,作者均善于通过选取富有特征的生活细节,曲尽其妙。作者用家常语叙家常事而情意缠绵动人,尤其善于用简朴生动的人物对话、口语,尽传人物的神情、仪态。,文言知识积累,1,古今异义,凡再变矣(再:两次;今常用为“又一次”),一日,大母过余曰。(过:看望;今常用为“经过”),室仅方丈(方丈:一丈见方;今常指“寺院主持”),比去,以手阖门(比:及,等到;现常指“较量,比较”等),墙往往而是(往往:处处;今常指“常常”),吾妻来归(归:古时女子出嫁叫“归”,今常指“返回”),3,词类活用,雨泽下注(下:方位名词作状语,向下),使不上漏(上:方位名词作状语,从上),东犬西吠(西:方位名词作状语,向西),吾妻死之年所手植也(手,名词作状语,亲手,用手),垣墙周庭(周:形容词作动词,环绕),乳二世(乳:名词作动词,用乳汁喂养),亦遂增胜(胜:形容词作名词,光彩),4,特殊句式,项脊轩,旧南阁子也(判断句,格式为:“,也”),而母立于兹(状语后置句),轩凡四遭火,得不焚(被动句),何竟日默默在此,大类女郎也?(疑问句),使不上漏(省略句),文中有关的文化常识,建筑方面:,“,鸡栖于厅。,”“,厅,”,,在古代园林、宅第中,多具有小型公共建筑的性质,用以会客、宴请、观赏花木。因此,室内空间较大,门窗装饰考究,造型典雅、端庄,前后多置花木、叠石,使人置身厅内就能欣赏园林景色。文中,“,厅,”,指一般说的客厅。,“,室西连于中闺,先妣尝一至。,”“,闺,”,,一般指宫中小门或内室。,“,闺,”,字常和女子有关,没结婚的女子称,“,闺女,”,,女子的住室称,“,闺房,”,。文中,“,中闺,”,指内室或妇女的卧室。,“,余扃牖而居,久之,能以足音辨人。,”“,牖,”,,古建筑中室与堂之间的窗子。古院落由外而内的次序是门、庭、堂、室。进了门是庭,庭后是堂,堂后是室。室门叫,“,户,”,,室和堂之间有窗子叫,“,牖,”,,室的北面还有一个窗子叫,“,向,”,。上古的,“,窗,”,专指开在屋顶上的天窗,开在墙壁上的窗叫,“,牖,”,。后泛指窗。,称谓方面:,“,妪,先大母婢也,乳二世,先妣抚之甚厚。,”“,先大母,”,,已去世的祖母。在称谓前加,“,太,”,或,“,大,”,表示再长一辈,如太后,(,帝王的母亲,),、大父,(,父亲的父亲,),、大母,(,母亲的母亲,即祖母,),。在称谓前加,“,先,”,表已死去,用于敬称地位高的或年长者。,“,先妣,”,,已去世的母亲。,礼记,:,“,生曰父、曰母、曰妻,死曰考、曰妣、曰嫔。,”,故去世的父亲称,“,先考,”,,去世的母亲称,“,先妣,”,。,“,余自束发读书轩中。”“束发”,指男孩,15,岁。不同的年龄有不同的称谓。儿童时期,头发向上收起,束成小髻,称谓“总角”,于是称童年时期为“总角”。男孩成童束发为髻称“束发”,而“成童”即长到一定年龄的儿童,一般认为是,15,岁,故男孩,15,称“束发”。,婚姻及其他方面:“后五年,吾妻来归。”“归”,旧时指女子出嫁。女子出嫁何谓为“归”,?,易,渐,:“女归,吉。”孔颖达疏:“女人,以夫为家,故谓嫁曰归也。”,诗,周南,桃夭,:“之子于归,宜其家室。”此外,女子出嫁亦称“适”。,孔雀东南飞,:“贫贱有此女,始适还家门。”,“,吾妻归宁。”“归宁”,出嫁的女子回娘家看望父母。,诗,周南,葛覃,:“害害否,归宁父母。”朱熹集传:“宁,安也。谓问安也。”,左传,庄公二十七年,:“冬,杞伯姬来,归宁也。”杜预注:“宁,问父母安否。”另外,古时诸侯朝觐毕,天子问其民安否,也叫“归宁”。“归宁”又不同于“归省”,“归省”指回家看望父母,不只限于出嫁女子。,“,顷之,持一象笏至。”“象笏”,象牙手板。古臣僚上朝皆持手板,用玉、象牙或竹片制成,用以指画或记事。据,明史,舆服志,,一品到五品官员上朝用象牙做的手板。,试翻译下列句子,借书满架,偃仰啸歌,冥然兀坐,万籁有声。,三五之夜,明月半墙,桂影斑驳,珊珊可爱。,吾妻来归,时至轩中,从余问古事,或凭几学书。,译文,借来的书摆满书架,我安居室内,长啸高歌,有时又静静地端坐,倾听大自然各种各样的声音。,每月十五的夜晚,明月悬,映照半边墙,桂影疏密、交杂错落,微风吹拂,花影轻摇,真是美丽可爱极了。,我的妻子嫁到我家,经常来到轩中,问我一些古代的事,有时伏在桌案上写字。,1.,每移,案,,,顾,视无可置者。,每次移动,桌子,,,环顾四周,没有可安置的地方。,2.,迨诸父,异爨,,内外多置小门,墙,往往而是,。,等到伯父、叔父们,分家,以后,院内外小门多了,隔墙,到处都是,。,3.,妪,先大母婢也,,乳,二世,先妣抚之甚厚。,这位老,婆婆,,是伺候我死去的祖母的仆人,,喂养,了两代人,,母亲在世时待她很好。,4.,一日,大母过余曰:“吾儿,久不见若影,何,竟日,默默在此,大类女郎也?”,有一天,祖母来看我,她说:“我的孩子,好长时间没见你的影子,怎么,整天,默默地在这里?真象个女孩子呀?”,一、找出下列各组中词语注音错误的一个,并订正。,1,、轩 葺 兹 妣,2,、笏 扃 牖 妪,3,、迨 爨 漉 冥,4,、籁 兀 偃 阖,xin,q,z,b,A,xun,h,jing,yu,u,D,y,d,i,cu,n,lu,m,ng,C,l,l,i,w,y,n,h,B,w,课堂检测,二、找出词语解释全对的一组: ( ),A,、修葺:修造 扃牖:关闭窗户,阖门:关门 大类:大的分类,B,、长号:大哭 来归:嫁到我家来,归宁:女子出嫁 自禁:自己忍不住,C,、洞然:明亮 渗漉:从小孔慢慢漏下,偃仰:安居、休息 庭阶:院子里的阶石,D,、斑驳:错杂 先妣:已去世的母亲,先是:先前就这样 兀做:端正的坐着,C,课堂检测,三、选择加点字的正确解释。,1,、垣墙,周,庭,A,、四周,B,、圈起来,C,、围绕,D,、全部,2,、亦遂增,胜,A,、美景,B,、优美,C,、光彩,D,、超过,3,、,往往,而是,A,、常常,B,、到处,C,、往常,D,、往来,4,、长号不自,禁,A,、忍住,B,、忍不住,C,、受不住,D,、受得住,5,、亭亭如,盖,A,、盖住,B,、盖住的东西,C,、车上的蓬子,D,、笼罩,A,C,B,A,C,课 堂 检 测,五、词类活用,1,、雨泽,下,注,2,、使不,上,漏,3,、,前,辟四窗,4,、,垣墙,周庭,5,、,乳,二世,6,、执此以,朝,方位名词作状语,方位名词作状语,方位名词作状语,名词用作动词,名词用作动词,名词用作动词,课 堂 检 测,断 句,顾视无可置者,庭中通南北为一,余自束发读书轩中,吾妻死之年所手植也,此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝,课堂检测,下课啦,!,Hall and met Sir Henry that same afternoon.The next morning he took us to the place where the evil Sir Hugo died.Then we had lunch at the House.Sir Henry clearly thought Miss Stapleton was very beautiful.His eyes followed her everywhere.He liked her very much,and I was sure that she felt the same about him.He spoke about her again and again as we walked home.After the first meeting,we met the Stapletons almost every day.After a short time it was clear that Sir Henry had fallen deeply in love with the beautiful Miss Stapleton.At first I thought that Stapleton would be very pleased if his sister mar ried Sir Henry.However,I soon realized that he did not want their friendship to grow into love.He did everything he could to make sure that they were never alone.On one or two occa sions they did manage to meet alone,but Stapleton followed them and was not pleased to see them together.I soon met another neighbour of Sir Henrys.His name was Mr Frankland,and he lived about four miles to the south of the Hall.He was an old man with a red face and white hair.He had two hobbies.The first was arguing.He argued with everybody.The second hobby was studying the stars.For this he had a very big telescope.For several days he had been watching the moor through the telescope.He wanted to find Selden,the escaped murderer.Nobody had seen the prisoner for a fortnight,and we all thought that he had probably left the moor.A few nights later I was woken by a noise at about two in the morning.I heard someone walking softly outside my door.I got up,opened the door and looked out.I saw Barrymore moving carefully and quietly away from me.I followed him,as quietly as I could.He went into one of the empty bedrooms and left the door open.I went quietly up to the door and looked in side.Barrymore was standing at the window.He was holding a light in his hand and looking out onto the moor.He stood without moving for a few minutes and then he put out the light.I went quickly back to my room.A few minutes later I heard Barrymore go softly by.The next morning I told Sir Henry what I had seen.We must follow him and find out what he is doing,said Sir Henry.He wont hear us if we move carefully.That night we sat in Sir Henrys room and waited.At about three oclock in the morning we heard the sound of footsteps outside the bedroom.We looked out and saw Barrymore.We followed him as quietly as we could.He went into the same room as before.We reached the door and looked in.There was Barrymore,with the light in his hand,looking out across the moor,exactly as I had seen him on the night before.Sir Henry walked into the room and said:What are you do ing here,Barrymore?Barrymore turned round quickly,surprise and horror on his face.Nothing,Sir,he said.The shadows on the wall from his light were jumping up and down as his hand shook.It was the window,sir.I go round at night to see that they are closed,and this one wasnt shut.Come now,Barrymore,said Sir Henry.No lies.What were you doing with that light?You were holding it up to the window.I suddenly had an idea.I thinI cannot blame you for helping your wife.Go to bed,and well talk about this in the morning.The Barrymores left us.The murderer is waiting out there by that light, said Sir Henry.Hes a danger to everyone.Im going to catch him.If you want to come with me,Watson,fetch your revolver and lets go.We left the Hall immediately.We must surprise him and catch him.said Sir Henry.Hes a dangerous man.Now,Watson,what would Holmes say about this?Do you remember what the old papers said? They said the Devil does his work when the world is dark.Just as he spoke there came a strange cry from across the moor.It was the same cry I had heard when I was with Staple ton on the edge of the Great Grimpen Marsh.What is that noise?asked Sir Henry.He stopped and put his hand on my arm to hold me back.Ive heard it before,I said.Stapleton says its the cry of a bird.Watson,said Sir Henry,his voice shaking,it is the cry of a hound.What do the local people say it is?They say it is the cry of the Hound of the Baskervilles,I replied.Can there possibly be some truth in the story?said Sir Henry.Am I really in danger from such an evil thing?I think I am as brave as most men,but that sound froze my blood.But we have come out to catch that prisoner,and the Devil himself will not make me turn back.It was difficult to cross the moor in the dark,but at last we reached the light.It was standing on a rock.Suddenly an evil face,more like an animal than a man,looked at us from behind the rock.The escaped prisoner saw us and screamed as he turned to run.Sir Henry and I were both good runners and very healthy men,but we soon realized that we had no chance of catching Selden.He knew the way,and was running for his life.Soon we had lost him in the dark,so we stopped and sat down,breathing heavily,to rest.At that moment a very strange thing happened.The moon was low upon our right,and in its light we could see the top of a hill.On that hill,with the moon behind him,stood a tall,thin man.He was standing perfectly still.He was watching us.It was not Selden,who had been running away from that hill.This man was much taller.With a cry of surprise I turned to Sir Henry.As I turned,the man disappeared.I wanted to go across to the hill and search for him,but we were tired and I remembered that Sir Henry might be in dan ger.So we went back to Baskerville Hall.Who was the tall man I had seen standing against the moon? Was he an enemy,or a friend who was watching over us?I wished more and more that Holmes could leave London and come to Baskerville Hall.I wrote to him every few days and gave him the details of everything that happened and everyone I met.斯台普顿先生于当日下午前来庄园拜访亨利爵士。第二天早晨,他带着我们去看了那个罪恶的雨果出事的地点。然后,我们在格林盆宅邸吃了午饭。亨利爵士显然认为斯台普顿小姐很漂亮。他的目光一直追随着她。他非常喜欢她,我还敢肯定她对他也有此同感。在我们回家的路上,他屡次谈到了她。自从第一次见面之后,我们便几乎每天都能见到斯台普顿兄妹。不久之后,亨利爵士深深地爱上了漂亮的斯台普顿小姐,这点已相当明显了。我起初以为斯台普顿会为他的妹妹与亨利爵士的结合而大为高兴的。然而,我不久之后便意识到他并不想让他们之间的友谊发展为爱情。他想尽办法避免他俩有独处的机会。他们曾有一两次想方设法单独见面了,可是斯台普顿跟踪了他们,见他们在一起时并不高兴。我很快又遇到了亨利爵士的另一位邻居。他是福兰克兰先生,住在庄园以南约四英里远的地方。他是一位面色红润、头发银白的老人。他有两个癖好。其一是争辩。他会和所有的人争论一番。其二是研究星相。他为此买了个很大的望远镜。数天来他一直在用这架望远镜注视着沼地。他希望能发现塞尔登,那位逃犯。两周以来没人见过那位囚犯,大家都以为他可能已经离开沼地了。几天之后的一个晚上,我在凌晨两点钟左右时被一声响声弄醒了。我听见有人在我的门外轻声走动。我爬起身来,打开房门并向外张望。我看到白瑞摩正小心谨慎而又悄无声息地从我这边走开。我尽量无声无息地跟着他。他走进了一间没人住的卧室并把房门就那么开着。我悄悄地走到房门跟前并向里边瞧去。白瑞摩正站在窗户旁。他手里拿着蜡烛,透过窗户盯着外面的沼地。他一动不动地站了几分钟,然后弄灭了蜡烛。我赶快回到了我的房中。几分钟之后我听到白瑞摩轻轻地走过我的门口。第二天早晨我将我所看到的情景告给了亨利爵士。,“,我们得跟踪他并看看他在干些什么,,”,亨利爵士说道。,“,要是我们小心走动的话他是不会听见我们的。,”,那天晚上我们坐在亨利爵士的房间里等着。大约在凌晨3点钟时,我们听到了卧室外面的脚步声。我们向外望去,看到了白瑞摩。我们尽量无声无息地跟踪着他。他同前一次一样,又到了那个房间里。我们来到房门旁边向里望去。白瑞摩手里拿着蜡烛,正望着窗外的沼地。这和我前一天夜里看到的情景一模一样。亨利爵士走进屋里并且说道:,“,你在这里干什么呢,白瑞摩?,”,白瑞摩赶快转过身来,脸上露出又惊又怕的神色。,“,没干什么,爵爷,,”,他说道。由于他的手抖动着,墙壁上烛光里的人影也不停地上下跳动着。,“,是由于窗户,爵爷。我在夜间巡视是想看看窗户是否都已关好了,而这个窗户并没关好。,”,“,得了吧,白瑞摩,,”,亨利爵士说道。,“,不要撒谎。你用那个蜡烛干什么?你刚才可是把它举在窗口了。,”,我突然灵机一动。,“,我想他那时是在传送信号,,”,我说道。,“,我们来看一下沼地上是否有人回答信号。,”,我把蜡烛高举向窗口并注视着漆黑的外面。突然之间,一个光点从沼地那边回应着。,“,就在那儿,,”,我喊道。我在窗户边前后晃动着蜡烛。沼地上的灯光也以同样的方式移动着以回应我们。,“,我说,白瑞摩,沼地上的你的那个朋友是谁?发生着什么事情?,”,“,那是我个人的事,,”,白瑞摩说道。,“,我不会告诉您的。,”,“,你是在搞什么阴谋加害我吗?,”,亨利爵士说道。,“,不,爵爷,不是害您呀!,”,从我们身后传来了一个声音。此人是白瑞摩太太。她一直跟踪着我们,现在正站在门口。,“,是为了我他才这么干的。我那不幸的弟弟正在沼地上忍饥受冻。我们不能让他死。这烛光是告诉他食物已经给他准备好了。他那边的灯光则向我们表明我们该把食物送到什么地点。,”,“,那么说,你的弟弟是,”,亨利爵士开口道。,“,是那个潜逃的罪犯,爵爷。塞尔登,那个杀人凶手。他是我弟弟,他干了许多坏事。但是对我来讲他依旧是我曾爱护过的那个小男孩。我得帮他。我丈夫所做的一切都是为了我。请别把他辞掉。这不是他的过错。,”,亨利爵士转向白瑞摩,并说道:,“,你帮你太太的忙,我不能为此怪你。去上床睡觉吧,我们明早再谈这件事。,”,白瑞摩夫妇从我们这儿走开了。,“,那个杀人凶手正在外边的那个亮光旁等着呢,,”,亨利爵士说道。,“,他对大家都是个危险。我要去抓住他。如果您想和我一道去的话,华生,那就去取您的左轮手枪,然后咱们就去吧。,”,我们马上离开了庄园。,“,我们必须出其不意地将其抓获,,”,亨利爵士说道。,“,他是个危险人物。我说,华生,这样干福尔摩斯会说什么呢?您还记得那份古老的手稿怎么说的吗?说恶魔兴于黑夜。,”,他正说话的当中,沼地上传来了一声奇怪的叫声。就是我在格林盆大泥潭边缘与斯台普顿在一起时听到的那种声音。,“,那是什么声音?,”,亨利爵士问道。他停下了脚步,抓住我的胳膊把我往回拽。,“,我以前听到过这种声音,,”,我说道。,“,斯台普顿说这是一种鸟的叫声。,”,“,华生,,”,亨利爵士说道,他的声音这时颤抖着。,“,这是猎犬的叫声。当地人把它叫什么呢?,”,“,他们说这是巴斯克维尔猎犬的叫声,,”,我回答道。,“,难道那个故事中真有几分真实的成分吗?,”,亨利爵士说道。,“,我真的正受到那个邪恶的东西的威胁吗?我认为我与大多数人一样勇敢,可是这个声音使我毛骨悚然。不过,我们是来抓罪犯的,恶魔本人也不能把我吓回头。,”,要在黑暗之中走过沼地是件难事,但是我们最终还是到达了光亮所在之处。蜡烛被搁在了一块岩石之上。突然之间,一张邪恶的、与其说是人长的不如说是野兽般的面孔从岩石后面探出来张望着我们。这个逃犯看到我们便尖叫着转身逃开了。我和亨利爵士都是飞毛腿,身体又很健康,可是我们很快便意识到已没机会抓获塞尔登了。他既识路又在逃命。不久之后我们便在黑暗之中看不到他了,因此我们便停下脚步,喘着粗气坐下来休息一番。就在那时,发生了一件非常奇怪的事情。月亮低悬在我们右侧的空中,我们在月光下看到一座小山的尖顶。在山顶上站着一个又高又瘦的男子,他背后的天幕上挂着一轮月亮。他一动不动地站着。他正注视着我们北国的深秋,万物开始凋ave worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS. The relationships that I have ha1 这宗案件开始了 The Case BeginsThe September sun was shining brightly into the windows of 221B Baker Street,and London was enjoying a beautiful late summer.I had finished my breakfast and was reading the newspaper.As usual,Holmes had got up late,and was still eating.We were expecting a visitor at half past ten,and I wondered whether Holmes would finish his breakfast be fore our visitor arrived.Holmes was in no hurry.He was reading once again a letter he had received three days ago.It was from Dr James Mortimer,who asked for an appointment with Holmes.Well,Watson,Holmes said to me,Im afraid that a doc tor from Devonshire wont bring us anything of real interest.His letter doesnt tell us anything about his business though he says its very important.I hope we can help him.At exactly half past ten there was a knock on our front door.Good,said Holmes.Dr Mortimer is clearly a man who will not waste our time.We stood up as our visitor was brought into the room.Good morning,gentlemen,he said.Im Dr James Mor timer,from Grimpen in Devonshire,and I think you must be Mr Sherlock Holmes.He shook hands with Holmes,who said:How do you do,Dr Mortimer?May I introduce my good friend,Dr John Watson,who helps me with my cases.I hope you will allow him to listen to our conversation.Of course,said Mortimer,as he turned to me and shook hands.I need your help very badly,Mr Holmes.If it will be useful for Dr Watson to hear what I have to say,please let him stay and listen.Mortimer did not look like a country doctor.He was very tall and thin.He had a long thin nose.His grey eyes were bright,and he wore gold glasses.His coat and trousers were old and worn.His face was young,but his shoulders were bent like an old mans and his head was pushed forward.He took some pa pers from his pocket,and said:Mr Holmes,I need your help and advice.Something very strange and frightening has been happening.Sit down,Dr Mortimer,said Holmes,and tell us your problem.Ill help you if I can.9月的阳光明媚地照进了贝克街221号B门的窗户里,整个伦敦都在享受晚夏的美好时光。我已吃过早餐,此时正在看报纸。福尔摩斯同往常一样,总是很晚才起床。他这时正在进餐。我们正等待着一位预约好要在10点半时前来拜访的客人;我不知道福尔摩斯在客人到来之前是否吃得完他的早餐。福尔摩斯并不匆忙行事。他又看了一遍三天之前收到的那封来信。这是詹姆斯,摩梯末医生写来的。他请求能够约个时间和福尔摩斯见次面。,“,啊,华生,,”,福尔摩斯对我讲道,,“,恐怕德文郡的这位医生是不会给我们带来任何有趣的事情的。虽然他说事情举足轻重,但是他的信中并未说明他的来意。我希望我们能够帮他的忙。,”,正好10点半时,有人敲了敲我们的前门。,“,嘿,,”,福尔摩斯道,,“,摩梯末医生显然并非一位即将浪费我们时间的人。,”,当客人被带进屋时,我们起身迎接了他。,“,早上好,先生们。,”,他讲道,,“,我是詹姆斯,摩梯末医生,是从德文郡的格林盆来的;我想您一定就是歇洛克,福尔摩斯先生了。,”,他与福尔摩斯握了握手,福尔摩斯道:,“,您好吗,摩梯末医生?我来介绍一下我的好朋友约翰,华生医生,他一直在帮我办案。我希望您能允许他来听我们的谈话。,”,“,当然可以,,”,摩梯末边说着话边回头与我握手。,“,我急需您的帮助,福尔摩斯先生。如我的话对华生医生有用的话,那就请他留下来听吧!,”,摩梯末看上去并不像是一位乡间医生。他身材高大,身体瘦削,长着细长的鼻子。他那灰色的眼睛炯炯有神,他还戴着一副金丝眼镜。他的外衣和裤子都已破旧、磨损不堪了。他的脸看上去还很年轻,但是已像老人一样佝偻,而且头还向前探着。他从口袋里取出一些手稿,并说道:,“,福尔摩斯先生,我需要您的帮助和建议。发生了一件既奇怪又恐怖的事情。,”,“,坐下,摩梯末医生,,”,福尔摩斯道,,“,并告诉我您的疑难问题。我将尽力帮助您。,”,d with these special kids have been gifts in my life. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages. Let me tell you about Tyler.Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a v
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