非谓语动词(复习)[1]

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,wellcome,非谓语动词,non-infinitive,一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能,（一）概述：,在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（,the Infinitive,）；,动词的-,ing,形式(,the,ing,Form)；,过去分词（,the Past Participle,）。,1,、非谓语动词与谓语动词的,相同点,有：,1,）,如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,，例如：,They built,a garden,.,They suggested building,a garden,.,2）都可以被状语修饰：,The suit fits him,very well,.,The suit used to fit him,very well,.,3）,都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化,。例如：,He,was punished,by his parents.（,谓语动词被动语态）,He avoided,being punished,by his parents.（,动名词的被动式）,We,have written,the composition.（,谓语动词的完成时）,Having written,the composition,we handed it in.,（,现在分词的完成式）,4）都可以有逻辑主语,They,started the work at once.（,谓语动词的逻辑主语）,The boss ordered,them,to start the work.（,动词不定式的逻辑主语）,We,are League members.（,谓语动词的主语）,We,being League member,the work was well done.,（,现在分词的逻辑主语）,2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的,不同点,有：,1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。,2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。,3,）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。,（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：,二、非谓语动词用法：,（一）动词不定式：（,to）+do，,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。,1,、不定式的形式：,否定式：,not+(to)do,1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：,Im glad,to meet you,.,He seems,to know a lot,.,We plan,to pay a visit,.,He wants,to be an artist,.,The patient asked,to be operated on at once,.,The teacher ordered the work,to be done,.,2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：,The boy pretended,to be working hard,.,He seems,to be reading in his room,.,3）,完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：,I regretted,to have told,a lie.,I happened,to have seen,the film.,He is pleased,to have met,his friend.,2、不定式的句法功能：,1）作主语：,To finish the work,in ten minutes is very hard.,To lose your heart,means failure.,动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语,it,作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：,It,is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.,It,means failure to lose your heart.,2）作表语：,Her job is,to clean,the hall.,He appears,to have caught a cold,.,3）,作宾语：,常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用,it,作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：,Marx found,it,important,to study the situation in Russia,.,动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：,I have no choice but,to stay here,.,He did nothing last Sunday but,repair his bike,.,动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：,He gave us some advice on,how to learn English,.,4）作宾语补足语：,在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:,want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.,此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：,With a lot of work to do,he,didn,t go to the cinema.,有些动词如,make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have,等与不带有,to,的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加,to,如：,I saw him,cross the road,.,He was seen,to cross the road,.,5）作定语：,动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：,A）,动宾关系：,I have a meeting,to attend,.,注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：,He found a good house to live,in,.,The child has nothing to worry,about,.,B）,说明所修饰名词的内容：,We have made,a plan to finish the work,.,C）,被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：,He is,the first,to get here.,6）作状语：,A）,表目的：,He worked day and night,to get the money,.,She sold her hair,to buy the watch chain,.,注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：,wrong：,To save money,every means,has been tried.,right:To save money,he,has tried every means.,wrong：,To learn English well,a dictionary,is needed.,right:,To learn English well,he,needs a dictionary.,B）,表结果：,He arrived late,to find the train gone,.,常用,only,放在不定式前表示强调：,I visited him,only to find him out,.,C）,表原因：,They were very sad,to hear the news,.,D）,表程度：,Its,too dark,for us,to see anything,.,The question is,simple,for him,to answer,.,7）作独立成分：,To tell you the truth,I dont like the way he talked.,8）,不定式的省略：保留,to,省略,do,动词。,If you dont want to do it,you dont need,to,.,9）,不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略,to。,He wished,to study,medicine and,become,a doctor.,_ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept,2001,春季高考 第21题,2001年春季高考 第24题,One learns a language by making mistakes and _,them.,A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct,Multiple choice,过去分词,不定式,-,ing,形式,非谓语动词,不定式的,作用,不定式的,时态,不定式的,否定形式,不定式,近五年不定式考查了5道题，主要考查了不定式做宾语和,表语。此外还考了不定式的时态和否定形式。,1.作状语,2.作定语,3.作表语,4.作补语,过去分词,不定式,不定式的,作用,1,例1,NMET 2000,第19题,I,ve,work with children before,so I know what _ in my job.,A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects,B,解析,该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain,解析,例2,NMET 1999,第21题,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.,A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make.,B,不定式,不定式的,作用,1,因为主语是,the purpose，,在（,purpose,wish,promise,plan）,后常跟不定式故表语要用不定式，,to,不能省略，因此构成,the purpose is tonot todo,句型，故选,B。,不定式的,时态,2,例3,NMET 1997,第12题,I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone,D,不定式,常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：,Would love,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish,等,例如：,I meant to have telephoned you,but I forgot.,解析,例4,NMET 1999,第14题,Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.,to have studied B.to study,C.to be study D