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湖南省长沙市一中卫星远程学校,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,湖南省长沙市一中卫星远程学校,2.2,用样本估计总体,第四课时,主讲教师 申 东,1.,如何根据样本频率分布直方图,分别估,计总体的众数、中位数和平均数?,1.,如何根据样本频率分布直方图,分别估,计总体的众数、中位数和平均数?,(1),众数:最高矩形下端中点的横坐标,.,1.,如何根据样本频率分布直方图,分别估,计总体的众数、中位数和平均数?,(1),众数:最高矩形下端中点的横坐标,.,(2),中位数:直方图面积平分线与横轴交,点的横坐标,.,1.,如何根据样本频率分布直方图,分别估,计总体的众数、中位数和平均数?,(1),众数:最高矩形下端中点的横坐标,.,(2),中位数:直方图面积平分线与横轴交,点的横坐标,.,(3),平均数:每个小矩形的面积与小矩形,底边中点的横坐标的乘积之和,.,2.,对于样本数据,x,1,,,x,2,,,,,x,n,,其标准,差如何计算?,2.,对于样本数据,x,1,,,x,2,,,,,x,n,,其标准,差如何计算?,样本数字特征例题分析,1.,标准差的平方,s,2,称为方差,有时用方差,代替标准差测量样本数据的离散度,.,方差,与标准差的测量效果是一致的,在实际,应用中一般多采用标准差,.,1.,标准差的平方,s,2,称为方差,有时用方差,代替标准差测量样本数据的离散度,.,方差,与标准差的测量效果是一致的,在实际,应用中一般多采用标准差,.,2.,现实中的总体所包含的个体数往往很,多,总体的平均数与标准差是未知的,,我们通常用样本的平均数和标准差去估,计总体的平均数与标准差,但要求样本,有较好的代表性,.,3.,对于城市居民月均用水量样本数据,其,平均数 ,,标准差,s,0.868,.,在这,100,个数据中,,落在区间 ,1.105,,,2.841,外,的有,28,个;,落在区间 ,0.237,,,3.709,外的只有,4,个;,落在区间 ,0.631,,,4.577,外的有,0,个,.,一般地,对于一个正态总体,数据,落在区间 、,、,内的百分比分别为,68.3%,、,95.4%,、,99.7%,,这个原理在产品质量控,制中有着广泛的应用(参考教材,P79“,阅,读与思考”),.,例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(2),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(2),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(2),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(2),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(1)5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,5,;,(2)4,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,5,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,6,;,O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(1),O,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,(2),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(4),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(4),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(4),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(4),例,1,画出下列四组样本数据的条形图,,说明他们的异同点,.,(3)3,,,3,,,4,,,4,,,5,,,6,,,6,,,7,,,7,;,(4)2,,,2,,,2,,,2,,,5,,,8,,,8,,,8,,,8.,频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(3),频率,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,O,(4),例,2,甲、乙两人同时生产内径为,25.40mm,的一,种零件,为了对两人的生产质量进行评比,从,他们生产的零件中各随机抽取,20,件,量得其内,径尺寸如下,(,单位:,mm),:,甲:,25.46 25.32 25.45 25.39 25.36 25.34 25.42 25.45,25.38 25.42 25.39 25.43 25.39 25.40 25.44 25.40,25.42 25.35 25.41 25.39,乙:,25.40 25.43 25.44 25.48,25.48,25.47 25.49,25.49,26.36 25.34 25.3
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