资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lecture Two,Diction:,choice and use of words,The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lightning and the lighting bug,用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。”,Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion:it is a courtesy to others,and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world.,-,The Readers Digest,A.Formal Diction,Formal English is the language of professional journals,formal speeches,and most serious college writing.,“gentlemen”vs.“men”or“guys”.,Poor-,impoverished;,rich-,wealthy;,clever(smart)-,intelligent;,car-,automobile;,TV-,television;,hard-working-,diligent;,next-to-last-,penultimate;,“on the penultimate day of the week-long meeting”(,在历时一周的会议结束的前一天,Formal,There is nothing new in the recognition,within a given language,of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough,perhaps characteristically,more elevated purposes.,The monolithic(,单一的；统一的,)nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech.,The latter is recognized in America to be the proper subject for the investigation of linguists who,however,now show some incipient(,起初的,)inclination to investigate poetry,too,and other,noncasual,(,无关联的,)utterances(,话语,)in a given language.,Informal Diction,Informal English-the English we speak each day-is found in parts of novels,short stories,letters,books,newspapers,articles for general readership and advertisements.,1.Colloquialisms,Colloquial English occurs in casual speech and it is perfectly acceptable when you are speaking on any but the most formal occasions.,Contractions-isnt,wont,Im,hed,Shortened forms-phone,exam,photo,Phrases-you know,I mean,Eg,.Doing part times jobs is terribly beneficial to college students.,Eg,.The cop are ready at any time to protect the security of our property and life.,terribly very;cop police,I saw a ghost,and I was frightened to death.(colloquial),I saw an apparition,and it reduced me to a condition of moral terror.(formal),Slang words are highly informal,：,they may be vivid and interesting,but they may,when used inappropriately,make the writer or speaker sound offensive.,On hearing that his father had,kicked,the,bucket,we wrote him a letter to express our sympathies.,Formal,vs,common,Common:,same speech learned,Formal:,Identical oration erudite,Common;,Destroy stiff try piece,Formal:,Annihilate rigid endeavor fragment,understand the,differrence,The color fits you well.,(X),The color suits you well.,These shoes dont suit me.,.(X),These shoes dont fit me.,fit&suit（,适合）（,fit：,大小尺码合适；,suit：,看上去体面协调。）,搭配上的不同,Consist,compose,constitute,make up,Sure,certain,I am sure that I can benefit a lot from doing temporary jobs in my free time.,It is certain that social knowledge is indispensable for a college student to adapt to the society.,Spread,scatter,Occur,happen,take place,Deprive,rob,deny,Elect,vote,select,pick up,choose,Disturb,interfere,Focus,concentrate,Estimate,predict,Involve,include,contain,Survive,exist,live,Offer,provide,supply,Vary,change,shift,alter,convert,Suspect,doubt,Convince,persuade,dissuade,Damage,injure,harm,hurt,Affect,influence,Wait,expect,anticipate,look forward to,Create,invent,make,manufacture,discover,Rise,arise,raise,arouse,Vocational,professional,Scarce,rare,Alive,live,lively,living,Tense,nervous,Ancient,old,Economic,economical,Historic,historical,Late,later,latter,latest,Single,individual,Priceless,valuable,precious,treasured,Considerate,considerable,Sensitive,sensible,sensory,sentimental,sensational,Imaginable,imaginary,imaginative,Respective,respectable,respectful,respected,General&specific,In my hometown in spring,the weather is very bad.,In my hometown in spring,the wind may blow all day long and the air is filled with dust which sometimes shuts out the sun.It goes into your eyes,your ears,your nostrils,and your hair,and penetrates through the closed,windows.（with,the help of details）,General:It is a beautiful park.,Specific:With streams and ponds shaded by willows and bamboos,and small,elegantly-furnished cottages behind piles of rocks,the park is quiet even when there are many visitors in it,and cool when it is hot summer outside.,a,good,man,kind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,selfless,brave,honorable,sincere,just,generous,enthusiastic,warm-hearted,friendly,good,food,tasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,fresh,appetizing,abundant,house,mansion,villa,chateau(,城堡）,cottage,bungalow,（有游廊的平房）,cabin,（简陋的小屋）,hut,（小屋，棚屋）,shack,（做某种用途的小屋）,shanty,（贫民窟）,shed,（关动物的小屋，棚）,barn,（谷仓）,laugh,smile,beam,（微笑）,snigger(snicker,窃笑），,titter,（嗤嗤地笑），,chuckle(,抿嘴轻声笑，），,chortle,（哈哈大笑），,grin,（露齿而笑）,giggle,（咯咯地笑，傻笑）,guffaw(,哄笑，狂笑）,改善，提高,1.Now things are_,（好转）。,Looking up,2.Computers have _(,改善我们的生活）。,Made life better for us.,3.I will _,（强化，提高）,my English before I go to America.,brush,polish
展开阅读全文