英语写作指导讲解课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,课题：英语写作指导,制作人：鄞少燕,制作时间：2009年4月,英语写作指导,Guide on Writing,1.记叙文,2.说明文,3.议论文,4.应用文,主要文体,以写人为主的记叙文，应该注意肖像描,写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以,及对细节的描写，应根据写作的要求，,灵活掌握，突出重点。,记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。,记叙文指导,以写事为主的记叙文，应该注意交待六,要素（时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、,结果），应该注意描写先后顺序以及记,事的相对完整，注意把握好事情的开始、,发展、高潮及结局。,以写景为主的记叙文，应该注意景物的,主要特征，景物描写的层次，以及人与,物的情感交融。,记叙文指导,明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想，段,落叙述始终围绕着主题而展开，避免,空间的叙述和与主题无关的内容。,一篇好叙述文需要直接或间接表达以,下六个问题，即：,when,？,该事发生的时,间，,where,？,该事发生的地点，,who,？,人物角色是谁，,what,？,发生的是什么事，,why,？,该事发生的原因，以及,how,？,事件,的结果是如何造成的等等。,记叙文写作要点如下：,一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实，因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。,写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法，但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练，以情节发生时间的先后为序。,记叙文写作要点如下：,It was a cold day in winter.An ant was bringing out some grains of corn he had gathered in summer to dry them.A grasshopper,（,蚱蜢,）,who was very hungry,saw the ant and begged him for some corn,saying that he was dying of hunger.The ant looked at the grasshopper and asked him what he had done in summer and why he,hadn,t stored up some grains of corn.The grasshopper told the ant that he had been very busy in summer and he,hadn,t stored any corn.The ant asked him once more what he had done in summer.The grasshopper replied that he had sung all summer.The ant angrily said to him that he could dance all winter as he had sung all summer.,说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等特征的文章。说明文的时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。写说明文必须注意事实正确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练和用词准确。,说明文写作指导,人物描写包括外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等，用于表现人物精神面貌、披露人物内心活动、揭示人物性格变化，借以突出作品主题思想。如：,人物描写,My sister is a boyish girl.She has short and straight hair like a boys.She likes white,black and gray colors,as most boys do.She never cares for skirts,stockings but loves jackets and jeans.Sometimes she wears a mens suit and leather shoes as if she were a gentleman.Basketball and football are her favorite sports.She also enjoys watching boxing.She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a football match.When she is with her friends,she always says Ladies first”to other girls.The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy many times.And she is pleased,with that.She always says that she should be a boy.,人物描写,地点描写自然按空间顺序排列，作者应立足于一个出发点，由远及近，由近到远，从里到外，从外到里，由左到右，或由右到左进行描写，顺序不可混乱，否则读者会迷失方向。如下面一段作者从大门开始，由外向里逐步介绍学校的布置，读者如同跟着作者参观了一所校园。,地点描写,Now I will show you around our school.It is one of the largest middle schools in the city.When you step into the gate,you will see a beautiful flower bed before you.In the middle of the flower bed there is a fountain with many colored flowers around it.If you walk along the school road,you will come to the playground,on each side of which are rows of trees.We often read books under the trees.On the right of the playground are two classroom buildings.On the left is the newly-built building.Im lucky to study here.I love my school very much.,描写物体时应侧重物的形状、规格大小、颜色和功能。任何一段文字都应有叙述的中心，对物的描写也不例外。同样，主题句也应反映出作者对所要描写物体的看法、态度。,物体描写,The first thing I notice in the brides room is,the beautiful curtain.This curtain is patchwork,in design,and is sewn out of squares of materials,of different colors like white,light green,brown,and orange.It is made of silk,trimmed with,delicate braids.It is about six feet long and hangs,from a wooden rail.The curtain matches perfectly,with the dark wooden rail and furniture in the,room.,物体描写,议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。,论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概,括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种,表达方式；,论据基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；,论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。,议论文指导,1.确定论点。,论点通常在文章的第一段提出。,2.要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例。3.论证要有严密的逻辑性。,所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论,连接起来。,要写好议论文必须注意以下几点：,4.层次要清楚。,5.态度诚恳、友好，因为议论文重在说理，,以理服人。6.论据要充分,要写好议论文必须注意以下几点：,It is high time that something was done about the great increase of crime in our neighborhood.From 1989 to 1993,there were only five cases of theft and three burglaries.But during the last four months,we have had two street gunfights,destroying one corner shop completely,three attempted murders,and ten high school girls were attacked on their way back home.Reports of small thefts and burglaries are printed every day,and some businesses and citizens have already been planning to move out of the area.So for the safety of our families and homes,and the prosperity of our district,local government should take action at once to change the situation.,Some people say that drinking alcohol is evil,because heavy drinking is not only bad for ones health,but often does harm to others.However,drinking alcohol in moderation is not evil.On the one hand,for some disease,drinking is equal to taking medicine.For example,when you are caught in a heavy rain and arrive home trembling,drinking can help you get rid of the cold.On the other hand,when attending an important dinner party you may drink,and sometimes you must drink,because drinking can make social contacts easier Drinking creates a friendly and lively atmosphere throughout the whole dinner.Drinking,if well handled,can bring laughter and song to your life.It is not evil.,应用文是指人们