数量增减的翻译

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,数量增减的翻译,一、数字增减的译法：,1.,句式特征：,by,名词比较级,than,The wire is by three inches longer than that one.,这根导线比那根长,3,英寸。,2.,句式特征：,表示增减意义的动词,to+n,.,译为：增加到。或减少到。,Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.,金属切割机已经减少到,50,台。,数量增减的翻译,二、百分数增减的表示法与译法,1.,表示增减意义的动词,The output value has increased 35%.,产值增加了,35,2.,表示增减意义的动词,by,Retail,salses,should rise by 8%,。,商品零售额应增加,3,The prime cost decreased by 60%.,主要成本减少,60,3.,表示减少意义的动词,to+%,表示减少后剩余的数量,By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.,采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到,20,数量增减的翻译,4.,比较级,than,表示净增减的数量,Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.,今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加,9,。,5.,比较级 名词,表示净减数,The new-type machine wasted 10 percent energy supplied.,新型机械能耗量净减,10,6.,a+%+increase,表示净增数,There is a 20%increase of steel as compared with last year.,与去年相比，今年钢产量净增,20,7.,+(of),名词（代词）,表示净减数，数字,n,照译,The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.,今年产值仅为去年的,60,8.,%,up on,或,over,表示净增数,The grain output of last year in this province was 20%percent up on that of 1978.,去年粮食产量比,1978,年净增,20,数量增减的翻译,三、英语倍数句型及其译法,英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有 一些（如下文中的句型、（,12,）等，见圈码）很容易译错,其主要原因在于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。,倍数增加,(,一,)A is n times as great,（,long,，,much,，,）,as B.,（）,A is n times greater,（,longer,，,more,，,）,than B.,（）,A is n times the size,（,length,，,amount,，,）,of B.(),以上三句都应译为；,A,的大小（长度，数量，,）是,B,的,n,倍,或,A,比,B,大（长，多，,）,n-1,倍,.,Eg,.This book is three times as long as,（,three times longer than,，,three times the length of,）,that one.,这本书的篇幅是那本书的,3,倍（即长两倍）。注：当相比的对象,B,很明显时，,than,（,as,，,of,）,B,常被省去。,数量增减的翻译,（二）,increase to n times,（）,increase n times,n-fold,（）,increase by n times,（）,increase by a factor of n,（）,以上四式均应译为：增加到,n,倍（或：增加,n-1,倍）。,Eg,.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.,集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。,Eg,.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986,化肥产量比,1986,年增加了,4,倍。,数量增减的翻译,Eg,.That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.,那可使代谢率提高到原来的,2,倍或,3,倍（即提高,1,倍或,2,倍）。,Eg,.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.,漏电压增加了,3,倍（即增加到原来的,4,倍）。注：在这类句型中,increase,常被,raise,，,grow,，,go/step up,，,multiply,等词所替代。,数量增减的翻译,倍数减少,（一）,A is n times as small,（,light,，,slow,，,）,as B.,（,12,）,A is n times smaller,（,lighter,，,slower,，,)than B.,（,13,）,以上两句均应译为：,A,的大小（重量，速度，,）是,B,的,1/n,或,A,比,B,小（轻，慢，,）（,n-1,）,/n,。,Eg,.The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.,氢原子的重量约为氧原子的,1/16,（即比氧原子约轻,15/16,）。,Eg,.This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.,这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半（即是普通纸厚度的,1/2,）。注：当相比的对象,B,很明显时，,than/as B,常被省去。,数量增减的翻译,（二）,decrease n times/n-fold,（,14,）,decrease by n times,（,15,）,decrease by a factor of n,（,16,）,以上三式均译为：减少到,1/n,或：减少,(n-1)/n,。,decrease,常被,reduce,，,shorten,，,go,slow down,等词替代。,Eg,.Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.,新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了,1/3,（即缩短到,2/3,）。,Eg,.When the voltage is stepped up by ten times the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.,电压升高,9,倍，电流强度便降低,9/10,（即,90,）。,数量增减的翻译,（三）,There is a n-fold decrease/reduction,应译为：减至,1/n,或：减少（,n,一,1,）,/n,。（,17,）,这个句型还有其它一些形式，,Eg,.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed,发现迅速减少到,1/7,。,Eg,.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.,这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了,1/2,。,将下列句子译成英语,速度等于距离与时间之比。,本文对其性能做了初步的分析。,该电阻器上的电压为总电压的,3/5,这个系数比那个小,10,倍,这里使用了两种方法的结合来设计共发放大气（,common-emitter amplifier,）,在这种情况下，每个部件底部的压力是相同的，所以该系统处于平衡状态。,线图：,line/curve chart,极值：峰值：,peak(v.&n.),summit(v.&n.),highestpoint,谷值：,touchthebottom(v.),nadir(n.),lowestpoint,稳定时期：,plateau(n.,高原,),lowerstationaryphase(,低稳时期,),Apossibleanswer:(Band6.5),Accordingtothecurvechart,dailyelectricityneedishigherinwinter(38,000unitsonaverage)thaninsummer(18,000unitsonaverage).Inwinter,electricityconsumptionpeaksat2:00amand10:00pmwhileittouchesthebottomat0:00amand8:00am.Ontheotherhand,insummer,itsummitsat2:00pmand11:00pm,buthasanadirat9:00amandalowerstationaryphasefrom4:00pmto9:00pm.,1 Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.,2 An initial analysis of its performance has been made in this paper.,3 The voltage across this resistor is three-fifths(of)the total voltage.,4 This coefficient is a factor of 11 times less than that one.,5 Here a combination of the two methods is used to design a common-emitter amplifier.,6 In this,case,the,pressure at the bottom of each component is the same,so the system is in balance.,图形作文,按照图形的种类（柱、线、饼、表和流程图）进行分类讲解，线图时侧重数据的动态变化描述，饼图时可能需要重点讲解百分比表达，表格数据较多时可能需要讲到数据分类的思路等。另一种方式是按照数据的体现形式（横比、纵比、百分比）进行思路和语言的总结。,图：,chart,graph,diagram,线：,line/curve chart,柱图：,bar/column graph,饼：,pie diagram,表：,table/statistics/figures,ThebargraphdemonstratesthatthemostUKvisitorswenttoFranceandSpain,whichwere11.0and9.5million.Also,manyBritishtravelerswereattractedbytheUSA(4.0million),Greece(3.5million)andTurkey(2.0million).,复杂柱图,:bar/column graph,复杂柱图,:bar/column graph,90%ofthosewhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomen.,Morewomenheldunderg