资源描述
,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,University of Georgia Cooperative Extension,Eating Guidelines for Diabetes,Why Change Eating Habits?,To prevent complications of diabetes,by keeping control of:,Blood glucose,Cholesterol,Blood pressure,Why Change Eating Habits?,To improve your health,by making healthy food choices,and being physically active,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,Include foods containing carbohydrate from whole grains,fruits,vegetables and low-fat milk in your diet,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,The amount of carbohydrate at a meal affects your blood glucose more,than the type,Sugar and starch have similar effects on blood glucose,=,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,Consistency in carbohydrate intake is important from day to day,For people not taking diabetes medication,For people taking a fixed dose of insulin,Insulin should be adjusted based on amount of carbohydrate at meals,For people on varying doses at meal,times,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,Several things affect how much your blood glucose increases after you eat:,amount of carbohydrate,type of sugar or starch,cooking and food processing,food form,other foods in the meal that slow digestion,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,Limited amounts of sugar or foods containing sugar can be used without affecting blood glucose,when substituted for other carbohydrates at the meal,Large amounts of sugar-containing foods are not recommended,Substituting Sweets,Usual diet:45 grams carbohydrate,(or 3 Carbohydrates Choices),1 slice bread,1/3 cup rice,1/2 cup fruit,3 ounces chicken,Vegetable salad,Substitute ice-cream for 15 grams of carbohydrate,(or 1 Carbohydrate Choice),1/2 cup ice-cream,1/3 cup rice,1/2 cup fruit,3 ounces chicken,Vegetable salad,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,To observe effect of new food on blood glucose:,check blood glucose 2 hours after meal for several days,substitute food containing sugar for other carbohydrate in meal,check blood glucose 2 hours,after meal and compare,Sweeteners and Diabetes,Sugar alcohols(polyols):,sorbitol,mannitol,xylitol,Used as sweeteners and bulking agents,Safe to use,May cause diarrhea,especially in children,Fructose:,Not recommended as a sweetener,Sweeteners and Diabetes,Low calorie sweeteners:,are safe for people with diabetes when consumed within recommended levels,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,Fiber:,Fiber is encouraged for everyone:,20-35 grams/day,Good sources of fiber:,Whole grain cereals,Fruits,Vegetables,Beans and peas,Carbohydrate and Diabetes,Fiber:,Only large amounts(50 grams/day)have shown improvement in blood glucose and cholesterol,Primarily soluble fiber(barley,oatmeal,beans,apples,broccoli),Side effects make this difficult for many people,Protein and Diabetes,Protein has very little effect on blood glucose,Avoid large amounts of protein,may promote kidney disease,Restrict protein only if you have,early kidney disease,Protein and Diabetes,Protein does not slow the absorption of carbohydrate,Adding protein to snacks does not help prevent hypoglycemia,Fruit or crackers are good snack foods,Protein and Diabetes,Safety of high protein,low carbohydrate weight loss diets are unknown,do not promote long-term weight loss,may increase LDL cholesterol,Dietary Fat and Diabetes,Primary goal-Lower LDL cholesterol by:,Eating less saturated fat and cholesterol,Eating less trans fats,Dietary Fat and Diabetes,Foods That Contain Saturated Fats:,Meat and meat fats(bacon,lard),Dairy products(whole milk,butter,cheese,cream,ice-cream),Palm and coconut oil,Baked goods made from,these fats,Dietary Fat and Diabetes,Foods That Contain Trans Fats:,Formed when a liquid oil is made more solid,Found in many types of stick margarine,fast foods,and baked goods like cookies,crackers,snack foods,pastries and croissants,Dietary Fat and Diabetes,Foods That Contain Cholesterol:,All animal foods,Organ meats like liver,Egg yolks,Dietary Fat and Diabetes,Choose monounsaturated fat in place of saturated:,olive oil,canola oil,peanut oil,olives,avocados,nuts,Dietary Fat and Diabetes,Eat less total fat,Low-fat diets can help:,with weight loss,improve cholesterol and other fats,Dietary Fat and Diabetes,Eat 2-3 servings fish per week,contain a type of fat protective against heart disease,fatty fish especially beneficial,Weight Loss and Diabetes,A small amount of weight loss can:,improve insulin resistance,lower blood glucose,improve blood cholesterol,reduce blood pressure,Weight Loss and Diabetes,Successful weight loss usually requires:,a structured weight loss program,education,reduced fat and calories,regular physical activity,frequent follow-up,Vitamins and Minerals and Diabetes,Vitamins and minerals from foods important,High doses of vitamin and mineral supplements can be toxic,Vitamins and Minerals and Diabetes,People who may benefit from a multivitamin supplement:,persons deficient in a vitamin or mineral,elderly,pregnant or nursing mothers,strict vegetarians,persons on calorie-restric
展开阅读全文