简单句与名词性从句

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语中的五种基本句型,作用,role,主语,subject,谓语,predicate,宾语,object,间接宾语,indirect object,直接宾语,direct object,定语,attribute,状语,adverbial,补足语,complement,表语,predicative,句子结构,sentence structure,分析,analyze,名词,noun,形容词,adjective,(adj.),动词,verb,副词,adverb(adv.),不及物动词,transitive verb,（,vi.,）代词,pronoun,(pron.),及物动词,intransitive verb,（,vt,.,）冠词,article,连系动词,link verb,介词,preposition,(prep.),助动词,auxiliary verb,连词,conjunction,(conj.),Analyze the role of the underlined in the sentence,（主，谓，宾，补足语，状语）,He ran fast.,2.Who got the first in the 200-metre race?,3.The idea sounds wonderful.,4.All teachers think Tom clever and honest.,5.Marys sister want you to tell me the truth.,6.He gave me a book.,主,谓,状,主,主,主,主,主,谓,谓,谓,谓,谓,间宾,直宾,宾,宾补,宾,宾补,宾,状,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,英语五种基本句型列式如下：,基本句型一：,+,（主谓）,基本句型二：,+,+,（主系表）,基本句型三：,+,+,（主谓宾）,基本句型四：,+,+IO+,（主谓间宾直宾）,基本句型五：,+,+,+,（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一,+,（主谓）,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。,这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,（不及物动词）,1.Time,2.The moon,3.The man,4.We all,5.Everybody,6.I,7.They,8.He,9.He,10.They,flies.,rose.,cooked.,eat,and drink.,laughed?,woke.,talked for half an hour.,walked yesterday,is playing,have gone,基本句型 二,+,+,（主系表）,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：,be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,等属一类，表示情况；,get,grow,become,turn,go,等属另一类，表示变化。,be,本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另,:,stay,prove,remain,stand,（是系动词）,(,表语,),1.This,2.The dinner,3.He,4.Everything,5.He,6.The book,7.The weather,8.His face,is,smells(,闻,),fell,looks,is,is,became,turned,an English dictionary.,good.,happy.,different.,tall and strong.,interesting.,warmer.,red.,基本句型 三,+,+,（主谓宾）,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,（实义动词）,(,宾语,),1.Who,2.She,3.He,8.He,5.They,6.Danny,7.I,4.He,knows,laugh at,understands,made,ate,likes,want,said,the answer?,her.,English.,cakes.,some apples.,oranges,.,to have a cup of tea.,Good morning.,基本句型 四,+,+IO+,（主谓间宾直宾）,此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。,通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,（及物）,（多指人）,（多指物）,1.She,2.She,3.He,8.He,5.I,6.I,7.I,4.He,passed,cooked,brought,bought,showed,gave,told,showed,him,her husband,you,her,him,him,me,a new dress.,a delicious meal.,a dictionary.,nothing.,my pictures.,a hand.,how to run the machine.,that the bus was late.,基本句型 五,+,+,+,（主谓宾宾补）,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,（及物）,（宾语）,（宾补）,1.We,2.They,3.They,4.They,5.What,6.We,7.He,8.I,keep,painted,call,found,makes,saw,asked,saw,the table,the door,supper,the house,him,him,me,them,clean.,green.,dinner.,dirty.,sad?,out.,to come back soon.,getting on the bus.,6.There,be+S,There be,句型的基本用法是表示“某地,(,或某时,),存在有某人,(,或某物,),”，其形式为“,There be,代词或名词,(,短语,),地点,/,时间状语”。,there,是引导词，没有词义，,be,是谓语动词，代词或名词,(,短语,),是主语。,be,要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在,be,后加,not,；一般疑问句是将,be,放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“,be(,或其否定式,),there”,构成。例如：,1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.,(,紧挨着,be,动词的主语是,a desk,，是单数，故,be,的形式要用,is),2.There arent two chairs and a desk in the room.(,否定句,),3.Is there anything wrong with your ears,？,(Yes,，,there is/No,，,there isnt.)4.There wasnt a meeting yesterday,，,was there,？,(,反意疑问句,),名词性从句,名词性从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath.,The news that they won the game spread the whole school.,I dont think he is an honest boy.,The fact is that he stole the car.,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the man who is standing over there?,It is said that they won the game.,(,主从,),(,同位语从句,),(,宾从,),(,表从,),(,同位语从句,),(,定从,),(,主从,),That,is,certain.,主语 系动词 表语,That he will come here on Wednesday,主语,is certain.,主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,他星期三来这里是肯定的。,That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.,注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词,that,他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.,注意：主语从句表示“是否”只用“,whether”,而不用“,if”,主语从句,主语从句有时用“,it”,作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。,It is known to us that he will come here.,用,it,形式主语的,that,从句有以下四种不同的搭配：,It+be+,形容词,that,从句,It is necessary that,有必要,It is important that.,重要的是,It is obvious that,很明显,It+be+-ed,分词,that,从句,It is believed that,人们相信,It is known to us/all that.,众所周知,It has been decided that,已经决定,It+be+,名词,that,从句,It is common knowledge that ,是常识,It is a surprise that.,令人惊奇的是,It is a fact that,事实是,It+,不及物动词,that,从句,It appears that,似乎,It happens that.,碰巧,It occurred to me that,我突然想起,表语从句,在句中充当表语的从句,(,即放在,be,动词后面,),叫做表语从句。,我们的目的是他能认识到错误。,Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.,注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。,问题是它是否值得做,The question is whether it is worth doing.,注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“,whether”,而不用“,if”,宾语从句,在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。,我不知道你会来这里,.,I dont know,（,that,）,you will come,here.,注意：,that,在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去,我不知道他来不来。,我想知道他来还是不来。,你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？,他不在乎天气是否好。,I dont know whether/if he will come.,I want to know whether he will come or not.,Are you talking about whether he will come?,He doesn