非谓语之动名词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词三,之动名词,非,谓语动词,动名词,不定式,分词,非谓语动词,1,性质,：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。,2,形式,不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。,动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、,宾语,宾补。,分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状,语等成,分,主语,定语,宾语,表语,状语,宾语补 足语,不定式,过去,分词,v-ing,形式,3,语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。,A,动词,-ing,形式的一般式,1,动词,-ing,形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。,Swimming,is her favorite sport.,游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。,Learning,is important to modern life.,学习对现代生活很重要。,2,动词,-ing,形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。,They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing,.,他们有说有笑地走出教室。,3,动词,-ing,形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。,I remembered,sending him an e-mail last week,.,我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。,He suggested,taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday,.,他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。,B,动词,-ing,形式的完成式,动词,-ing,形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。,Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.,点津,在现代英语中，,作宾语,的动词,-ing,形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。,I really regretted,missing such an exciting lecture,.,错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。,(=I rally regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.),We remembered,seeing the film,.,我们记得看过这部电影。,(=We remembered having seen the film.),C,动词,-ing,形式的被动形式,动词,-ing,形式的被动形式表示它的,逻辑主语,是动词,-ing,形式表示的动作的,承受者,。,The question,being discussed,is very important.,正在讨论的问题很重要。,I cant stand,being kept waiting,.,我不堪久等。,Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library.,在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。,D,动词,-ing,形式的否定形式,动词,-ing,形式的否定形式由,not,加动词,-ing,形式构成。,His,not,coming,made everyone present very disappointed.,他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。,A,动词,-ing,形式作主语,1,动词,-ing,形式可直接置于句首作主语。,Seeing,is believing.=,To see,is to believe.,百闻不如一见。,2,为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词,it,作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。,It is no use,crying over spilt milk,.,作无益的后悔是没有用的。,Its a waste of time,arguing about it,.,争论这事是浪费时间。,必背,动词,-ing,形式作主语的几个常用句型。,Its no good,talking to him,.,和他谈话是没有用的。,It is useless,telephoning him,. He is not willing to come.,给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。,Its worth,making an effort,.,努力一下是值得的。,There is no,saying when it will stop raining,.,无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。,There is no,joking about such matters,.,这种事开不得玩笑。,B,动词,-ing,形式作表语,1,表示主语的内容,Her job is,keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible,.,她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。,2,表示主语具有的特征,The problem is quite,puzzling,.,这个问题很令困惑。,1. Her work is _( look )after the children.,2. My aim is _( go ) to Tokyo University.,3. One of my bad habit is _(bite ) nails,（指甲）,.,C,动词,-ing,形式作宾语,动词,-ing,形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。,1,能用动词,-ing,形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词,-ing,形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词,-ing,形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。,只能用,-ing,形式作宾语的动词,(,这类动词只能用,-ing,形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。,),Fancy,meeting you here,!,想不到在这儿见到你了！,I suggest,doing it in a different way,.,我建议用另一种方法做这件事。,1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go ) away.,2.Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground.,3.I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain.,4.Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car.,5.Leave off _(bite) your nails!,6.He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden.,7.You certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.,8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital.,9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.,10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today.,11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.,12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances.,13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.,14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).,必背,只接动词,-ing,形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：,admit,承认,appreciate,感激,avoid,避免,put off,推迟,keep,保持,consider,考虑,delay,耽搁,dislike,嫌恶,resist,抵制,mention,提及,enjoy,喜欢,escape,避免,excuse,原谅,practice,练习,mind,介意,fancy,想不到,feel like,意欲,finish,完成,risk,冒险,include,包括,forgive,原谅,give up,放弃,suggest,建议,miss,逃过,imagine,设想,cannot help,情不自禁, 既可用动词,-ing,形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语,这类动词虽然既能用,-ing,形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：,有些动词，如,attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer,等，后面接动词,-ing,形式或不定式区别不是很大。,They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.,他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。,I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary.,我想买一本英汉词典。,提示,应尽量避免接连出现两上动词,-ing,形式。,I am starting to learn Russian.,我开始学俄语。避免说：,I am starting learning Russian.,我开始学俄语。,go on to do,做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事,Having finished the exercises, we went on,to learn the new words in the next unit,.,做完练习以后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。,go on doing,继续做同一件事。,Though it was raining heavily, they went on,working,尽管天下着大雨，他们仍然继续工作。,mean to do,想要做某事,I didnt mean,to hurt you,.,我并不想要伤害你。,mean doing,意味着要有一个结果,Missing the train means,waiting for another hour,.,误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。,有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。,regret to do,对即将要做的事表示遗憾,I regret,to say I must leave tomorrow,.,很遗憾，我明天必须离开了。,regret doing,对所做的事感到后悔,I regret,not having told her earlier,.,没能更早地告诉她，我很后悔。,remember to do ,讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘记”,Remember,to lock the door,when you leave.,离开时记得要锁门。,remember doing ,讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”,I remember,posting that letter,.,我记得寄了那封信。,forget to do,忘记要做某事,She nearly for,got,to give the porter a tip for his service,.,她几乎忘记给行李搬运工付小费。,forget doing,忘记以前曾做过的事,Ill never forget,meeting my school headmaster for the first time,.,我永远忘不了和我小学校长初次见面的情景。,stop to do,停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事,While working, he stopped,to talk with Tom at times,.,工作的时候，他不时停下来和汤姆谈话。,stop doing,停止正在做的事,When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils stopped,talking,.,教师走进教室的时候，小学生们停止了说话。,try to do,设法做某事,I must try,to get everything ready,before he arrives.,在他到来之前，我必须尽力把一切都准备好。,try doing,试验做某事,Would you please try,doing that again,?,请你再试一次好吗？,need, require, want,作“需要”解时，后面接动词,-ing,形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用动词,-ing,形式比较普通。,Your composition needs,correcting / to be corrected,.,你的作文需要修改。,His coat wants,cleaning/to be cleaned,.,他的外套需要洗了。,The old woman requires,looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully,.,这个老大娘需要细心地照料。,D,动词,-ing,形式作宾语补足语,1,动词,-ing,形式可以在,see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find,等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。,We heard the children,shouting upstairs,.,我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。,I felt my heart,beating violently,.,我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。,2,动词,-ing,形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别,。在,see, hear, feel, watch, notice,等感官动词后，既可用动词,-ing,形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词,-ing,形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。,He saw a girl,getting on the bus,.,他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。,He saw a girl,get on the bus,and drive off.,他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。,3,动词,-ing,形式也可用在,have, get, leave, keep, set, catch,等表示,致使,的动词后作宾语补足语。,They should not leave us,wondering what they will do next,.,他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。,I wont have you,running about in the room,.,我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。,We kept the fire,burning all night long,.,我们让火整夜燃烧着。,点津,如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词,-ing,形式,。,I saw him enter the room sit down and light a cigarette.,我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。,E,动词,-ing,形式作定语,1,单个的动词,-ing,形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。, 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。,a reading,room= a room which is used for reading,阅览室,running,shoes =shoes for running,跑鞋,a working,method=a method of working,工作方法,必背,a,drawing,board,画板,a,sewing,machine,缝纫机,a,swimming,pool,游泳池,a,waiting,room,候车室,a,dining,car,餐车,a,driving,permit,驾驶许可证,a,singing,competition,歌咏比赛,a,walking,stick,手杖, 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。,developing,countries = countries that are developing,发展中国家,an,ordinary-looking,house = a house that looks ordinary,看起来很普通的房子,a,puzzling,problem = a problem that puzzles somebody,困扰人的问题,必背,a,barking,dog,狂吠的狗,a,disappointing,play,令人失望的戏剧,an,astonishing,adventure,惊人的冒险,a,sleeping,baby,熟睡的婴儿,boiling,water,正在沸腾的水,failing,sight,逐渐衰退的视力,the,setting,sun,落日,the,coming,week,下一周,2,某些情况下，动词,-ing,形式不能用来作定语，必须用定语从句。, 作定语的动词,-ing,形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。,【,误,】,The professor,coming here yesterday,will give us a lecture.,【,正,】,The professor,who came here yesterday,will give us a lecture.,昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。, 动词,-ing,形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。,【,误,】,The temple,having been destroyed by the earthquake,will be rebuilt soon.,【,正,】,The temple,which has been destroyed by the earthquake,will be rebuilt soon.,被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。,F,动词,-ing,形式作状语,动词,-ing,形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词,-ing,形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。,1,表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。,Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.,我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。,(= After we have made full preparations.),2,表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。,Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.,由于生病，他昨天没有上学。,(= Since he was ill.),3,表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。,His father died,leaving him a lot of money,.,= and left him a lot of money.,他父亲死了，留给他许多钱,.,4,表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。,Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.,=If you work hard at your lessons.,如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。,5,表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。,Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.,= Although they knew all this.,尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。,e.g._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.,A. Not receiving B. Not to receive,C. Not having received D. Having not received,e.g. Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV.,解析,没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用,having done ;,此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为,not doing/not having done;,故选,c,6,表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。,He lay on the grass,staring at the sky for a long time,.,= .and stared at the sky for a long time,他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。,-ing,形式,-ing,形式主要考查其在句子中作,定语,和,状语,的用法,European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.,A. making B. makes C. made D. to make,解析,He rushed to the train station,only _,the train had gone.,A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find,D,解析,Making it the popular sport in the world,为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing,表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,His parents died,leaving,him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office,only to,find it was closed,必背,高中阶段有一些固定的动词,-ing,形式短语，如,generally speaking, judging from.,considering., talking of., supposing.,等，这种动词,-ing,短语可当作一个插入语。,Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.,一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣,.,Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.,从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大,.,Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.,考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。,Supposing it rains, what will you do?,假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？,