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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Figures of Speech,英语修辞,Figures of speech,(,修辞,)are ways of making our language figurative.When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to,lend,force to an idea,to heighten effect,or to create suggestive imagery,we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively.,Common forms of figures of speech,1.simile 2.metaphor,3.personification 4.metonymy,5.synecdoche 6.irony,7.epigram(paradox)8.repetition,9.antithesis 10.parallelism,11.euphemism 12.transferred epithet,13.oxymoron 14.alliteration,15.hyperbole 16.litotes,17.anti-climax 18.assonance,19.periodic sentence 20.rhetorical question,21.o,nomatopoeia,22.pun,23.antonomasia 24.analogy,1.,Simile,(,明喻,),a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common,1.,用,like,The water lay grey and wrinkled,like,an elephants skin.,Her eyes were jet black,and her hair was,like,a waterfall.,2,、用,as,表示,Every tree and every branch was encrusted with bright and delicate hoarfrost,white and pure,as,snow,delicate and defined as carved ivory.,His face was,as,grey as ashes.,As,the lion is king of beasts,so is the eagle king of birds.3,、用,what,表示,What light is to the eye knowledge is to the mind.,Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.,Judicious praise is to the children what the sun is to flowers.,2.Metaphor,(,暗喻,),a comparison between two unlike things,but the comparison is implied rather than stated,Snow,clothes,the ground.,The ship,ploughed,the sea.,All the world is a,stage,and all the men and women merely,players,.,.,The boy,wolfed,down the food the moment he grabbed it.,He swam bravely against the,tide,of popular applause.,main,artery,of transportation in the young nations,heart,3.Personification,(,拟人,),a figure that endows objects,animals,ideas,or abstractions with human form,character,or sensibility,Life,dealt him profound personal tragedies.,the,river,had acquainted him with.,.to,literature,s,enduring gratitude.,Bitterness,fed on the man.,America,laughed with him.,The Middle Easter bazaar,takes,you.,The window,winked,at me,.,dancing,flashes,4.Metonymy,(,换喻,)(,借代）,a figure of speech,that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated,In Japan there is an incessant struggle,between the kimono and the miniskirt,.,She was a girl who excited the emotions,but I was not one to,let my heart rule my head,.,heart:feelings and emotions,head,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reason,Metonymy can be derived from various sources:,a.Names of persons,Uncle Sam:the USA,b.Animals,the bear:the Soviet Union,the dragon:the Chinese(a fight between the bear and the dragon),c.Parts of the body,heart:feelings and emotions,head,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reason,She was a girl who excited the emotions,but I was not one to let my,heart,rule my,head.,grey hair:old age,d.Profession:,the press:newspapers,reporters etc.,He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.,the bar:the legal profession,e.location of government,business etc.,Downing Street:the British Government,the White House:the US president and his government,the Capitol Hill:US Congress,Wall Street:US financial circles,Hollywood:American filmmaking industry,Lets go to,bed,now.(bed-sleeping),What is learned in the,cradle,is carried to the,grave,.(cradle-birth,grave-death),His,pen,would prove mightier than his,pickax,.,5.Synecdoche,(,提喻,),with part representing the whole or vise versa,Two,heads,are better than one.,Many,hands,make light work.,The football match was a close contest.In the end,China,won.,The,world,knows his worth.,The city,posted a sign,which turned out to be very controversial.,6.Irony,(,反语,),a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule,humour or sarcasm,Hiroshima-the,Liveliest,City in Japan,Each day of suffering that helps to,free me from earthly cares,congratulate myself on the good fortune,that my illness has brought me,marching backwards to the,glorious,age of the 16th century,7.Epigram(paradox),(,警句,)(,隽语）,a brief,pointed saying that has the nature of a proverb,The best epigrams are those in which there is an apparent contradiction between the intended meaning and the form of the expression.Like antithesis,epigram is based on contrast.,Business is business.(Friendship is friendship.),Home is home,be it ever so homely.(East or West,home is best.),A little learning is a dangerous thing.,Ignorance is the curse of God,knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.,The day has eyes,the night has ears.,A snow year,a rich year.,Words are women,deeds are men.,One has to be cruel to be kind.,War is peace.Freedom is slavery.Ignorance is strength.,More haste,less speed.,How young are the old?,The child is father of the man.(Wordsworth),A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.,The more you give,the more you have.,多施多得。,A man who is full of himself is
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