sentence patterns

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Basic sentence patterns,Sentence constituents,Sentence types,simple,non-simple,sentence,complex,compound,Subject,主语,Predicate verb,谓语动词,Object,宾语,Complement,补语,Adverbial,状语,a word or a group of words placed before verbs to modify the verbs.,Generally,a simple sentence is consist of two parts:subject and predicate.,Attribute,定语,a word or a group of words placed before nouns to modify the nouns,.,Predicative,表语,appositive,同位语,To see,is to believe.,眼见为实,What he has said,is true.,There be,句型中，,be,作谓语，主语位居其后。,There are many different kinds of moon cakes.,主语,是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。,Subject,Predicate,A,predicate,is a,verb,that expresses the subjects,action,or,state of being,.,Sometimes the predicate will be composed of,two or three verbs that fit together,-the,main verb,preceded byone or more,auxiliary,(helping)verbs,.,He,practices,running every morning.,The plane,took off,at ten oclock.,He,can speak,English well.,1.,S+V,（主,+,谓）,2.S+V+P(,主,+,谓,+,表,),3.S+V+O,（主,+,谓,+,宾）,4.,S+V+o+O,（主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾）,5.S+V+O+C,（主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补）,6.SVA,7.VOA,Quirk,夸克,et al.introduces seven sentence types according to the grammatical functions of the constituents involved in a sentence.,Can anyone recall all the five basic sentence patterns?,1.S+V,Time flies.,Did you sleep well,？,They talked for half an hour.,He is playing.,They have gone.,Subject+VI(intransitive verb),句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,It can be followed by adv,prepositional phrase(,介词短语,),adverbial clause(,状语从句,),ect,.,2,.S+V+P (S+V+C),Mr.Brown is an engineer.(,名词做表语,),She remained standing for a hour.(,现在分词做表语,),这个问题仍然没有解决。,The question remained unsolved.(,过去分词做表语,),电视机开着。,The television was on.(,副词做表语,),Subject+linking verb+,complement,（,word or a group of words placed after verbs to complete the meaning of the verbs.,）,句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。,系动词,（,Linking verb),系动词（,Linking verb),用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1,）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词，例如：,He,is,a teacher.,2,）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,3,）表像系动词用来表示,“,看起来像,”,这一概念，主要有,seem,appear,look,例如：,He,seems,(to be)very sad.,4,）感官系动词主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：,This kind of cloth,feels,very soft.,5,）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,例如：,The river was beginning to,run,dry.,6,）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove,turn out,表达,结果是,;,证明是,，之意，例如：,The rumor,proved,false.,Predicative,表语,用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等,）之后,可充当表语的有,：,noun,adj,adv,prep phrase,participle,（分词），,infinitive,（不定式）,1.The weather has turned,cold,.,（形容词）,2.The truth is,that he has never been abroad,.,（表语从句）,3.They seem,to know the truth,.,4.I was,bored,yesterday.,5.I am,off my duty,.,6.Mary seems,in high spirits today.,玛丽今天看起来情绪高昂。,3.S+V+O,Subject+Transitive verb+Object,谓语动词都具有,实义,，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（,Vt,）,名词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句,The patients high fever deleted,most of his memories,.,病人的高烧使他的记忆丧失殆尽。,No one would risk,deceiving her,.,没有人会冒险去骗他。,-gerund as object,The government attempted,to change the current situation,.,政府试图改变当前现状。,-infinitive as object,4.,S+V+o+O,Subject+Verb+,Direct,object,+,Indirect,object,谓语动词必须跟有,两个宾语,才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的,直接承受者,，另一个是动作的,间接承受者,。,A,direct object,is the receiver of action,usually,it placed near the verb.,E.g.,the news surprises,us,.,He doesnt like cold weather.,He doesnt owe me anything.,An,indirect object,identifies to whom or for whom an action is done.,He offered Peter the job.,I must give the room a good airing.,An easy way to tell the difference is that a direct object answers the question“what is done”and an indirect object answers the question“for whom is it done”,第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为,to,引导的短语。,Give,show,pass,lend,take,tell,1.He handed me a letter.,He handed a letter to me.,2.She gave me her telephone number.,She gave her telephone number to me.,第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为,for,引导的短语。,Buy,make,cook,get,sing read,3.She sang us a folk song.,She sang a folk for us.,4.She cooked us a delicious meal.,She cooked a delicious meal for us.,第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。,5.Tell him Im out.,6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives,？,5.S+V+O+C,Subject+Transitive Verb+,Object,+Complement,动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语,谓语,是可以带复合宾语的及物动词,Complement is word or a group of words placed after verbs to complete the meaning of the verbs,includes n,adj,adv,prep,infinitive(,不定式,),常用形容词作宾补的动词有,:keep,leave,find,make,feel,think,consider,常用名词作宾补的动词有：,find,name,call,elect,make,choose,等,分词作宾语补足语时，如果分词与宾语构成,“,主谓关系,”,，用现在分词；如果构成,“,动宾关系,”,，则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：,find,feel,get,have,hear,keep,notice,see,watch,，,make,leave,等。,我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。,find,I find the snake eating an egg.,我听到我的名字被人叫。,hear,I hear my name called.,不定式前带,to,常用的动词有,:advise,cause,allow,drive,encourage,expect,force,intend,invite,permit,tell,trust,urge,persuade,remind,teach,want,warn,get,ask,forbid,beg,require,tempt,enable,lead,instruct,等,以及表示,情感状态,的动词,love,like,prefe